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TRY PA NOSOMIDM 



Recent researches by Balfour tend to show that the Sudan strain is a 

 separate species: 5. granulosa Balfour, 1910. Aragao has attempted to 

 obtain a serum and a vaccine with a certain degree of success. 



Spiroschaudinnia neveuxii Brumpt, 1909. 

 Brumpt describes this spirochsete as morphologically identical with 

 5. marchouxi, but cross immunization shows that the two species are different. 

 It is the cause of fowl spirochsetosis in Senegal, and is spread hy Avgas pevsicus. 



Spiroschaudinnia theileri Laveran, 1904. 



This spirochaete, discovered by Theiler in 1902, is found in cattle in Africa 

 about Pretoria, in the Cameroons, and in East Africa. The symptoms are not 

 clear, as babesia has also been seen in the same animals. It is spread by 

 Margaropus decoloratus, the blue tick. 



Spiroschaudinnia ovina R. Blanchard, 1906. 

 This spirochaete may be the same as 5. theileri. It was found by Marfoglio 

 and Carpano in sheep in Erythrsea, on the Red Sea, and by Theiler in the 

 Transvaal. 



Spiroschaudinnia equi N0V57 and Knapp, 1906. 



Found by Theiler in the Transvaal, and by Martin in French Guinea, and 

 may be the same as 5. theileri. 



Other Spirochsetes. — S. vespertilionis Novy and Knapp, found by Nicolle 

 and Confine in 1905, in Vespertilio kuhli. 



S. gracilis Levaditiand Stanesco, i909, very like Treponema pallidum. 



S. culicis Jaffe, 1907, found in the gut and Malpighian tubules of Culex 

 pipiens and the larva of Anopheles maculipennis. 



S. muris Wenyon and 5. laverani Breinl and Kinghorn , in mice. 



S. bufonis Dobell, 1908, found in the rectum of a frog. 



S. glossincB Novy and Knapp, 1906, in the stomach of tsetse-flies. 



5. microgyrata Gaylord and Calkins, 1907, in cancer of the breast in mice. 



S. halanitidis Hoffmann and Prowazek, 1906, found by Hoffmann and 

 Prowazek in balanitis. 



5. lu'rcB Prowazek, 1907, found by Prowazek in the otter. 



Sambon has found spirochsetes in scrapings from gastric ulcers in a fox. 



Various spirochsetes have also been observed in the stomach of normal cats, 

 dogs, and rats (Bizzozzero, Salomon), in the intestinal ulcers of dogs and 

 monkeys affected with trypanosomiasis (Balfour), in the intestine of normal 

 mice (Wenyon) and birds (Kent). 



Treponemidae Schaudinn, 1905. 



Definition. — -Spirochsetacea with a minute thread-like body 

 twisted into numerous fine coils, with pointed tapering extremities. 

 The body is cylindrical on section, and not flattened, and the spirals 

 appear preformed. There is no undulating membrane. Trans- 

 verse and longitudinal division have been observed, the latter type 

 being the only one found in cultures. 



Classification.— Only one genus. 



Treponema Schaudinn, 1905. 



Synonym. — SpirochcBta Ehrenberg pro parte ; Spironema Vuillemin, 

 1905, von Klebs, 1892. 

 Treponemidse with the characters of the family. 

 Type Species. — Treponema pallidum Schaudinn, 1905. 



