TREPONEMA PERT EN UE 



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spleen, lymphatic glands, and bone-marrow. In the blood it has 

 not yet been demonstrated microscopically, though there is no 

 doubt that the blood of the general circulation is infectious, inas- 

 much as monkeys inoculated with it develop typical yaws lesions, 

 in which the Treponema is abundantly present. The Treponema is 

 absent in the cerebro-spinal fluid, and generally in the tertiary 

 lesions. 



Bacteriological Flora found in Open Sores of Framhcesia. — ^While 

 r. pertenue is the only germ found in the non-ulcerated lesions, the 

 ulcerated lesions of framboesia are soon invaded by all kinds of 

 germs. Apart from innumerable bacteria, various kinds of spiro- 

 chaetes are present. One form is rather thick, and takes up the 

 stain easily. It is morphologically similar to the Spiroschandinnia 

 refringens of Schaudinn. Another form is thin, delicate, with coils 

 varying in size and number, and With blunt extremities — 5. ohtusa 

 Castellani. A third form is likewise thin and delicate, but tapers at 

 both ends — S. acuminata Castellani; T. pertenue is also present in 

 many cases. 



Inoculation Experiments of Framboesia in Man. — -Paulet, in 1848, 

 inoculated fourteen negroes with the secretion taken from fram- 

 boetic granulomata. All of them developed framboesia, the inocu- 

 lation period varying from twelve to twenty days, when at the seat 

 of inoculation in ten cases the first nodule appeared, soon followed 

 by a typical general eruption. In two cases apparently the erup- 

 tion did not start from the seat of inoculation. 



Charlouis, in 1881, inoculated thirty-two Chinese prisoners, who 

 had never suffered from the disease, With crusts and scrapings from 

 a case of yaws. The disease developed in twenty-eight of them, 

 beginning invariably at the seat of inoculation. Moreover, he 

 inoculated a native suffering from typical yaws with syphilis. The 

 inoculation Was quite successful, a primary syphilitic sore develop- 

 ing, followed by all the usual types of secondary eruption. That 

 yaws patients are not immune against S37philis is proved also by 

 Powell and Nicolas and others, who have described several cases of 

 syphilis supervening on yaws. Syphilitic patients may contract 

 framboesia naturally and experimentally. 



Inoculation Experiments in Monkeys. — Neisser, ProWazek, Hal- 

 berstadter in Java, and shortly afterwards Castellani in Ceylon, have 

 shown that monkeys are susceptible to framboesia. According to 

 their experiments, the inoculation period varies from a minimum 

 of sixteen days to a maximum of ninety-two. The appearance of 

 the lesions developing at the seat of inoculation is practically the 

 same in all cases — viz., an infiltrated spot slowly increasing in size, 

 and soon becoming moist, the secretion drying into a thick crust. 

 Removal of the crust exposes a raw, granulating, red surface. 



In the monkeys of a low class (genus Macacus, genus Semnopi- 

 thecus) the eruption is, as a rule, localized to the seat of inoculation. 

 The infection, however, is general, as is proved by the presence of 

 T. pertenue in the spleen and lymphatic glands besides the local 



