TREPONEMA MUCOSUM 



461 



has been removed by filtration becomes inert, and monkeys inocu- 

 lated with it do not contract the disease. 



Inoculation Experiments in Rabbits. — 'Nichols has inoculated 

 rabbits successfully, and finds that the incubation period is shorter 

 than that for T. pallidum in the same animal. He finds that 4-5 

 milligrammes of salvarsan per kilogramme of the animal's weight 

 injected intravenously will effect a cure, which is less than for 

 T. pallidum. Complement fixation is positive by the fourteenth 

 day, but after administration of salvarsan it becomes negative. 

 He has not been able to produce immunity, and he finds that if 

 reinoculation is unsuccessful it is because the animal is still infected; 

 whereas, if it is cured, reinoculation can be successfully performed. 

 It is possible to demonstrate the difference between syphilis and 

 framboesia by the reinoculation of rabbits after treatment by sal- 

 varsan. Castelli has inoculated rabbits intravenously, and states 

 that the general clinical symptoms, papules, etc., are so different 

 from those obtained after a similar injection of T. pallidum that 

 this method may be of use for differentiating them. 



Cultivation. — T. pertenue has b^en successfully cultivated by 

 Nogucbi, as described for Spiroschaudinnia (p. 441). 



Pathogenicity. — -It is the cause of framboesia tropica (vide Chap- 

 ter LXL, p. 1535). 



Treponema mucosum Noguchi, 1912. 



This Treponema was isolated from the pus of a case of pyorrhoea 

 by Noguchi. It closely resembles T. pallidum- and T. microdentium, 

 but differs in certain biological properties. It can be cultivated in 

 citrate dilutior of ascitic agar. Cultures have a strong foetid odour, 

 and mucin is produced in the medium, but this property is lost by 

 repeated subcultures. It is a strict anaerobe. Inoculated into 

 monkeys or rabbits it causes transitory local inflammation. 



Treponema ealligyrum Noguchi, 191 3. 



Found by Noguchi in condylomata — cultivated by the same observer. It 

 shows deep, regular curves, not so closely set as in T. pallidum. It is also 

 thicker. 



Other species are: T. microdentium, T. refringens, T. terminii Leidy, 1881, in 

 Calotermes militaris ; T. minei Prowazek, 1910 ; T. vivax Dobell, 191 1, in Oscitta- 

 toYi<B\ T.stytopygcs Dobell, 191 1, in Stytopyga ovientalis ; T. parvum Dohell, 191 1 ; 

 T. minutum Dobell, 191 1; T. dentium Koch, 1877; 2\ triccale Cohn, 1872; 

 T. intermedium Dobell, 191 1, in the human mouth. 



A rather doubtful Treponema has been described by Dobell in the intestine 

 oiBufo vulgaris 'L. 



T. urethrale Castellani, 191 5, found in the mucopurulent discharge from 

 the urethra. It is very delicate and has numerous spirals all equal. Length, 

 6-12 microns. The patient had no sign of gonorrhoea or syphilis. 



