PSE UDOSTRONG YLES 



^75 



Dioetophyme Collet-Megret, 1802. 

 Very large Strongylidas with cylindrical bodies; mouth with six papillae. 

 Male with collar-like bursa and one spicule. Female with one ovary; vulva 

 in the anterior half of the body. 



Dioetophyme renale (Goeze, 1782). 



Synonyms. — -Ascaris canis et martis Schrenk, 1788; A. visceralis et renalis 

 Gmelin, 1789; Strongylus gigas Rudolphi, 1802; Eustrongylus gigas Diesing, 

 1851 ; Strongylus renalis Moquin-Tandon, i860; Eustrongylus visceralis Railliet, 

 1885. V 



This, worm lives in South America in the pelvis of the kidney in the dog, 

 seal, otter, and wolf. It has been recorded twelve times in man, if the 

 records really refer to this worm. 



Morphology. — The worm is blood-red in colour, but otherwise very like a 

 large Ascaris lumbricoides. Along the lateral lines there are about 150 papillae. 

 The submedian ridges are well developed, and the anterior extremity some- 

 what attenuated. Cuticle finely striated transversely. 



Male 40 centimetres long by 4 to 6 millimetres broad; bursa without rays, 

 and with one very long, slender spicule 5 to 6 millimetres in length. Female 

 100 centimetres in length and 12 millimetres in thickness, with an obtuse, 

 slightly curved posterior end, a single ovary, and a vulva situate 50 to 70 milli- 

 metres behind the anterior extremity. Eggs ovoid, with thick, brownish 

 shell 68 to 80 fji by 40 to 43 [jl, with numerous depressions. 



Life-History. — Development begins in the uterus of the female, but stops 

 at a certain stage, and does not continue (Balbiani) until brought into contact 

 with water or damp soil, when the egg hatches. The embryo is 240 by 14 

 cylindrical, and gradually tapering posteriorly. The head is pointed, with a 

 terminal mouth without papillae, but which is thought to be provided with a 

 small protractile dart. The further development is not known; it has been 

 thought that it takes place in fish, but experiments have failed to justify 

 this view. 



Pathogenicity. — It is usually found in the kidney, which it destroys. In 

 animals it has also been found in mammary and perineal tumours. Symp- 

 toms appear to be haematuria, and the diagnosis is made by the discovery of 

 the eggs. 



Family 16: Trichosomid^. 



Nematoda with the anterior portion of the body thin and whip- 

 Hke; posterior portion thick with genitalia. Mouth small, without 

 papillae. (Esophagus very long, traversing a peculiar strand of 

 cells. 



TrichinellinaeRansom, 1911. 

 Male without spicule. Female producing embryos. 



Trichurinae. 



Male with spicule. Female producing barrel-shaped eggs. 



Genus Trichinella Railliet, 1895. 



Trichinella Railliet, 1895. 

 Synonym. — Trichina Owen, 1835, nec Meigen, 1830. 



Very small Trichinellidae, with thin, hair-like bodies. Posterior end of the 

 male with two cone-like appendages, between which the cloaca is situate. 

 Vulva placed far forwards. 



