6i4 



CESTOIDEA 



in place of a rostellum. The neck is long. The proglottides number about 

 i.ooo segments, with a length of about i6 to 20 millimetres when mature. 

 The genital spores are arranged irregularly at the sides, and the median uterus 

 produces twenty to thirty-five ramified lateral branches. Malformations of 

 the segments are not uncommon. Eggs globular, often with the original shell, 

 to which may be attached one to two filaments and the two embryonic 

 envelopes, as well as the onchosphere. The inner embryonic envelope is oval, 

 striated, measures 30 to 40 ^ in length by 20 to 30 /a, in breadth. Segments 

 can escape per anum by their own action. 



Life- History. — The adult worm lives in man, the cysticercus requiring some 

 fifty -four days (Perroncito quoted Leuckart) to develop, so that proglottides are 

 seen, and the embryophore, escaping in the faeces, enters cattle by means of 

 contaminated food or water, and develops in their muscles into the Cysticercus 



Fig. 253. — Proglottis of Tcsnia saginata Goeze. 

 (After Stiles.) 



hovis, which is rather small — only 7-5 to 9 millimetres in length and 5*5 milli- 

 metres in breadth. The tongue and the muscles of mastication, especialy the 

 pterygoids, are chiefly affected. 



Man becomes infected by eating under-cooked meat. It can live in him 

 for a number of years. The cysticercus very rarely occurs in man. 



Pathogenicity. — It is believed to be more difficult to kill medicinally than 

 T. solium, and to produce more severe anaemia. 



Treatment. — As for T. solium. 



Prophylaxis. — Prevent human faeces contaminating the food of cattle, and 

 have the meat, especially the tongue and the pterygoid muscles, inspected in 

 the slaughter-house. In African beef animals also common in the muscles of 

 the shoulder, foreleg, back, rump, and hindquarters. Only in extensive 

 infections and exceptionally in slight invasions, it is found in the lymph 

 glands, lungs, liver, brain, and oesophagus which, therefore, ought also to be 

 inspected. 



Taenia (Tseniarhynchus) africana von Linstow, 1900. 



Two specimens of this worm were found in a negro in late 

 German East Africa, at Langenburg, near Lake Nyassa. 



Morphology.— It is about 1-4 metres in length. The scolex is 

 provided with an apical sucker in place of a rostellum, and also with 

 four ordinary suckers. The neck is very short. The proglottides 

 vary in length and breadth, according to position, but always 

 broader than long, in the portion discovered. This species is as 

 yet not clearly defined from T. saginata. 



The ripe segments are 9 millimetres broad by i-20 millimetres 

 thick. Their number is about 600. The genital pore is irregularly 

 alternate on the lateral border. The testes are very numerous, and 

 the vas deferens much convoluted, with a thick, pear-shaped cirrus 

 pouch. The cirrus is beset with bristles, as is the vagina. The 

 receptaculum seminis is large. The ovary is large and double, and 

 the vitellogene gland is situated at the posterior border. The 



