CAUCASIC DIVISION 



45 



Gaucasic Division. 



This division of man is thought to have evolved in Northern 

 Africa at a time when the Sahara was a well-watered and inhabitable 

 region. 



Characters. — The characters of Caucasic man are : — Height, average or above 

 the average; colour, florid or pale; hair, long, wavy, soft, and flaxen, or long, 

 straight, wiry, and black, in either case oval on transverse section; skull, 

 dolichocephalic or brachycephalic ; eyes, moderately large, straight, blue or 

 black; nose, straight or arched leptorrhine; cheek-bones, small; yaws, orthog- 

 nathous; teeth, small; beards, full. Three types are recognized of these 

 physical characters: the Nordic, with cephalic index 74-99, and blue or grey 

 eyes, fair hair, and height 5 feet 8 inches to 6 feet; the Alpine, with cephalic 

 index 80-90, brown or black eyes, dark hair, and height 5 feet 5 inches to 

 5 feet 6 inches; the Mediterranean, with cephalic index 72-78, black eyes, 

 black hair, and height 5 feet 4 inches to 5 feet 6 inches. Speech, inflecting — 

 e.g., the Hamitic, Semitic, and Aryan languages — except in some instances, 

 when it is agglutinating — e.g., Basque; temperament, active, enterprising, and 

 imaginative. Medicine varies from the highly evolved European medicine to 

 the primitive Oceanic medicine. 



Migrations. — From his Saharic home the primitive Caucasic man wandered 

 in Palaeolithic and Neolithic times eastwards into the Valley of the Nile and 

 on into Asia, where he met Mongolic man, and later into Southern Asia, and 

 so into Oceania, reaching, as we shall presently see, its farthest islands. He 

 also wandered northwards in successive migrations across the bridges between 

 Africa and Europe, where he was succeeded by the early race to which belong 

 the Cannstadt cranium found in 1700, the Neanderthal cranium found in 

 1856, the Spy cranium found in 1886, the skeleton of Homo primigenius found 

 in 1908 in the Valley of Vezere, and the various skeletons and skulls found 

 in 1909. All these skulls belong to the type called * Neanderthaloid,' after 

 their best-known member, and are considered by some authorities as not 

 belonging to Homo sapiens, but to a separate species — H. primigenius [H . 

 neanderthalensis) — which is approached to-day most closely by the Australian 

 type. This earlier type was followed by more highly evolved Caucasic types, 

 as, for example, the Cro-Magnon race of the French anthropologists found at 

 Les Eyzies in Perigord. It is almost certain that these early peoples did not 

 speak an Aryan language, but more probably a language allied to that of the 

 Berbers, and therefore to the present Basque language. In Asia a fusion 

 took place of certain Caucasic races with Mongols, forming the Turkoman and 

 many Tatar peoples, such as the Uzbeg Tatars. 



In both prehistoric and historic times there have been migrations of Semitic 

 Caucasians from Asia into Africa, of which the most important were the 

 Arabic migrations, which have produced a great impression on the peoples 

 of Northern and Eastern Africa. 



In recent times migrations of the highly evolved types of Caucasians have 

 taken place from Europe into America, Oceania, Asia, and Africa, and to-day 

 new races are arising from the fusion of native races with Spaniards and 

 Portuguese in America v/ith Dutch in South Africa, and with French in Indo- 

 China. It is, however, a curious sociological trait of the Anglo-Saxon not to 

 amalgamate with the aborigines of the land into which he has migrated. 



Population. — At the present time the Caucasic division is estimated to 

 number 770,000,000 of the 1,570,000,000 of peoples which are supposed to 

 inhabit the world, but there can be no doubt that this division is rapidly 

 increasing in numbers. These 770,000,000 are distributed as follows: 



Europe, 355,000,000; Asia, 280,000,000; America, 115,000,000; Africa, 

 15,000,000; Oceania, 5,000,000. 



Classification. — Ethnologically, Caucasic man may be classified 

 into the Xanthochroi and the Melanochroi, while an early wave 



