CAUCASIC DIVISION 



49 



stock is represented by the short, dark, broad-nosed, dolichocephalic 

 peoples (recalling the noseless Daezu of the invading Aryans), but 

 they have everywhere been modified by fusion with immigrant 

 peoples, giving rise to the Aryo-Dravidian, Scytho-Dravidian, and 

 the Mongolo-Dravidian types. The Aryo-Dravidian type is princi- 

 pally found in Northern India and Ceylon, its upper strata being 

 exemplified by the Hindustani-speaking Brahman of Northern 

 India and the Tamil-speaking gentleman of Northern Ceylon, while 

 its lower strata are exemplified by the Chamar. The complexion 

 of these people varies from medium brown to very dark, and their 

 noses from medium to broad. The Scytho-Dravidian type of 

 Western India is characterized by a fair complexion, with little or 

 no hair on the face, with broad heads and moderately fine noses. 

 Riseley considers that this type is a fusion between Dra vidians and 

 immigrant Scythians, and Haddon suggests that it is a fusion with 

 the Alpine race from the hills of South-West Asia in prehistoric 

 times. The Mongolo-Dravidians are best represented by the inhabi- 

 tants of Lower Bengal and Orissa. They are of medium stature, 

 and usually of dark complexion with abundant hair on the face, 

 with broad heads and broad or medium noses. 



Indonesians. — The greatest divergence of opinion is found with 

 regard to the inhabitants of Malaysia and Oceania. It would appear 

 probable that the earliest inhabitants belonged to the undiffer- 

 entiated negroid type, of which the negritoes gave rise to the 

 Andamanese, the Semangs of Malaysia, the Aeta of the Philippines, 

 and the pygmies of New Guinea, while the negroes formed the 

 Tasmanians, the Papuans, and the majority of the Melanesians. 

 In among these peoples came the brachycephalic Mongols, called by 

 Haddon the Proto-Malays, who were to be found first in the Penin- 

 sula, and later, driven south by the Caucasic migrations to be 

 presently described, in the islands. 



Earlier migrations still, perhaps of lowly developed Caucasian 

 stocks, may have given rise to the Pre-Dravidian jungle tribes of 

 India and Ceylon, and perhaps to the Kakhyers of Northern Borneo 

 and the Sakai of Malaysia, and to one element in the Australian 

 race. 



An early migration fused with the Proto-Malays, forming the 

 Proto-Polynesians of Haddon, who migrated into the Western 

 Pacific, and, fusing with the early black peoples, gave rise to the 

 Melanesians; while others, passing through or round Melanesia, 

 went on to Tonga and Samoa, and later to Tahiti and Raratonga 

 of the Cook Islands, spreading later to Hawaii and the Marquesas, 

 and still later to New Zealand. These migrations or voyages are 

 supposed to have begun by a migration to Java as late as 65 B.C., 

 and did not cease till a.d. 1350. In this way the mixed populations 

 of many of the islands of the Pacific arose. 



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