ARTHROPODA 



walking-legs, one pair to each somite. Body anomomeristic, showing from 

 17 to 175 somites behind that which carries the poison glands. They breathe 

 by tracheae, and the genital ducts open on the penultimate somites. 



Family i : Scolopendridse. 

 Family 2 : Lithobiidse. 

 Family 3 : Scutigeridse. 



Family i: Scolopendrid^ Leach, 1812. 



Chilopoda with antenn£E, possessing few joints, and with few ocelli. 



Geophilus carpophagus Leach, G. electricus Linnaeus, G. cephalicus Wood, 

 G. similis Leach, have been found as accidental parasites about nineteen times 

 in the nasal cavities and their neighbouring sinuses in man in Europe. G. elec- 

 tricus Linnaeus has been found in the alimentary canal about four times. 



Family 2 : Lithobiid^ Newport, 1844. 



Chilopoda with many-jointed antennae; numerous ocelli. 

 Lithobius fortificatus L. and L. melanops have been found in the nasal 

 cavities in three cases in man. 



Family 3: Scutigerid^ Gervais, 1837. 



Chilopoda with antennae at least as long as the body, and faceted eyes 

 instead of ocelli. 



Scutigera coleoptrata has been found in the alimentary canal. 



Other species found in the alimentary canal are: ChcBtechelyne vesuviana 

 Newport (found also in the nasal cavities), Himantarium gervaisi, Stigmatogaster 

 subterraneus . 



Pathogenicity. — In the nose these parasites cause inflammation with, at 

 times, no flow of mucus, and at others a large discharge of it, associated with 

 headache, which is generally more or less continuous, but may show remis- 

 sions. In addition to these local symptoms, general symptoms such as con- 

 vulsions, anginiform attacks, dyspnoea, etc., may be induced through irritation 

 of the fifth nerve. There is no evidence that these parasites cause any of the 



Fig. 362. — ScoLOPENDRA Species (?) 

 (This is a very common species in Ceylon.) 



symptoms by their venom. They are generally expelled in attacks of sneezing, 

 or spontaneously. The best methods of making them leave the nostrils are 

 applications of snuff, eau-de-Cologne, or turpentine; but in some instances 

 it will be necessary to open a sinus- — e.g., the frontal sinus — by surgical means 

 in order to remove the parasite. 



In the alimentary canal the symptoms will give rise to the suspicion of 

 helminthiasis. They are — pain in the abdomen, cramp, nausea, vomiting, 

 and reflex nervous 'symptoms. 



Treatment does not appear very satisfactory. 



