ANOPLURA 



753 



(a) Head broader than thorax. Eyes large pig- 



mented. Pharynx short and broad. Proboscis 

 short and pressed against thorax — PediculidcB 

 Leach, 1815. 



[b) Eyes very small or absent. Pharynx long and 



narrow. Proboscis very long — HcBmatopinidce 

 Enderlein, 1904. 

 IT. Body thick and heavy. Mesothorax, metathorax, 

 and two to eight abdominal segments, with stigmata. 

 Eyes absent. Back part of the head widened back- 

 wards. Antennae four to five segments. Tibia 

 with short strong thumb-like process. Thick short 

 spines on the body. Female gonopodia elongated 

 and naxrow—E chinophthiridcB Enderlein, 1904. 

 B. Head prolonged into a nozzle-like projection, at the anterior 

 end of which lies the mouth opening. Antennae five 

 segments. Tibia without thumb-like process. Tibia 

 and tarsus very long and thin. Legs not clinging in 

 character — HcBmatomyzidca Enderlein, 1904. 



Family i: Pediculid^ Leach, 1815. 



Definition. — Anoplura with flattened body, and head not pro- 

 longed anteriorly into a nozzle-like projection, with large prominent, 

 pigmented eyes, three to five jointed antennae, and short proboscis. 

 Pharynx short and broad. Paroglossae (fulturae) very strong and 

 broad, with broad arms. Stigmata on mesothorax and third to 

 eighth abdominal segments. Legs suitable for clinging. Tibia and 

 tarsus thick. Tibia with a thumb-like process. 



Remarks. — The Pediculidae are found all over the world, on man as well as 

 on animals. They cause much irritation by their bites, which may become 

 infected, causing impetigo. Apart from this, however, they have recently 

 been suspected of spreading blood-parasites — e.g., Trypanosoma lewisi and 

 Hcsmogregavina gerhilli — which are believed to undergo development in them: 

 and, in addition, they contain parasites peculiar to themselves — e.g., Herpeto- 

 monas pediculi. 



Morphology. — The head is usually clearly defined, but the thorax may or 

 may not be so well defined from the abdomen. Eyes may be present or 

 absent — a fact which appears to depend upon whether the host is nocturnal 

 or not in its habits. The antennae are usually five-jointed. The mouth con- 

 sists of a proboscis, composed of labrum and labium, which is armed with re- 

 recurved hooklets, and contains the maxillae and mandibles, which take the 

 form of a suctorial tube. The thoracic segments are fused together. The 

 thorax may be as broad as the abdomen, or narrower. There are no wings. 

 The legs have four segments, of which the terminal one carries a strongly 

 curved claw. The abdomen has, if statements can be trusted, a various number 

 of segments, differing in the different genera. 



The last segment in the female has a slit-like opening guarded by two 

 chitinous plates, while in the male there is in the same situation a horny 

 papilla surrounded by spines. 



Internal Anatomy. — Christophers and Newstead have studied the anatomy 

 of HeBmatopinus stephensi Christophers and Newstead, 1906, parasitic on 

 Gerhillus indicus (the Indian field-rat).] 



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