CV LICIT). ^ 



11^ 



On the posterior portion of each side of the neck may be seen a small sausage- 

 shaped sclerite, called the patagium, in front of which is the neck sclerite, 

 while, posteriorly there, is another sclerite reaching as far as the first thoracic 

 spiracle. Below these, and reaching to the coxa of the first leg, is still another 

 sclerite. These four sclerites make up the prothorax. The patagium may 

 represent a pronotum, the neck sclerite an episternite, and the posterior 

 sclerite an epimerum, while the sclerite connected with the coxa of the first 

 leg is undoubtedly a prosternum. This segment of the thorax carries the 

 first pair of legs, and perhaps the first spiracle. 



The interpretation of the parts of the prothorax presents considerable 

 difficulty. Some authorities believe that there is no pronotum. The meso- 

 thorax is well developed, and presents dorsally a praescutum and scutum 

 fused together, behind which is a trilobed area, the ' scutellum.' Behind this, 

 again, is a shield-shaped area, looked upon by some observers as a metanotum. 

 but more probably representing the post-scutellum of the mesothorax. 

 Laterally behind the first spiracle lies the episternum of the 'mesothorax, 

 below and behind which is the mesosternum, wedged in between the second 

 and third legs on each side. The two mesosterna are bound together by a 

 chitinous bar. 



Between the post-scutellum and the first abdominal segment lies the minute 

 true metanotum. The metasternum is easily seen between the second and 

 third pairs of legs, and the episternum of that segment lies just dorsal to 

 the third coxa, and contains the second thoracic spiracle as^well as carrying 



Fig. 384. — Lateral View of Anopheles maculipennis Meigen. 

 (After Nuttall and Shipley, Journal of Hygiene.) 

 I, Labium; 2, labrum-epipharynx; 3, palp; 4, antenna; 5, occiput; 6, meso- 

 thorax (praescutum and scutum); 7, prothorax; 8, mesosternum; 9, first 

 thoracic spiracle; 10, metasternum; 11, second thoracic spiracle ; 12, scutellum; 

 13, post-scutellum; 14, wing; 15, tergum; 16, pleural membrane; 17, sternum. 



the halter. The thorax is covered with hair-like curved scales, and its 

 appendages are the legs and wings. There are three pairs of legs, one for 

 each division of the thorax, which have the usual number of segments — - 

 coxa, trochanter, femur, tibia, metatarsus, and tarsus, the latter being four- 

 jointed. The last joint of the tarsus carries the two clav/s or ungues, which 

 may be toothed. In the first leg in the male the claw is single, and the first 

 terminal tarsal segment is hollowed out. In the female all the legs terminate 

 in a double hook, and the first tarsal segment is not hollow. The empodium, 

 a median process projecting between the ungues, is in Anopheles maculipennis 

 reduced to a tuft of hairs. The arrangements of the ungues, however, vary 

 very much in different genera and species. 



The wings arise by their bases from the side of the mesothorax, between 

 the scutum and the episternum. The anterior border of the wing is straight 

 and thick, while the posterior is curved, and near the base is folded or indented 

 twice to form squama and alula. The area of the wing, bounded by the 

 squama and alula, is broken up by a series of thickenings and ridges from 

 which the nerves take their origin. The base of the wing has a socket which 

 fits on to a knob on the episternum. The veins of the wings are: — 



1. The Costa. 



2. The Subcosta, which joins the Costa some distance from the apex of the 

 wing. 



3. The Radius i {First Longitudinal). — Runs from base to apex of the 

 wing. 



