802 



THE DIPTERA 



Subfamily Ceratopogonin^ Kieffer, 1899. 



Definition, — Chironomidse with the thorax not prolonged over 

 the head, antennae with fourteen, rarely thirteen, joints in both 

 sexes, and the last joint never longer than the two preceding taken 

 together, while the last five are longer or almost the same as the 

 preceding joint. 



Life-History.- — The eggs may be laid on land or water. If they 

 are laid on land the larvae and pupse resemble those oiPhlebotomus, 

 presently to be described; while i± they are laid in water they occur 

 in small clusters of thirty to sixty eggs. The larva is snake-like 

 and transparent, and lives on the surface of stagnant water, or 

 slowly flowing streams, along which it wriggles and finally develops 

 into a dark-coloured inactive pupa, with usually breathing organs 

 on the thorax, which floats on the surface of the water. 



Genera. — The subfamily has been especially studied by J. J. 

 Kieffer, who recognizes the following genera: Leptosonops Skuse, 

 1889; Ceratopogon sensi7 stricio Kieffer, 1899; C^Uicoides Latreille, 

 1809; CEcada Poey, iS^i; Bezzia Kieffer, iSgg ; Brachypogon Kieffer, 

 1899; Ceratolophus Kieffer, iSgg ; P alp omyi a Mergele, 1818. Of the 

 other genera usually mentioned he considers Tersesthes Townsend, 

 1893, and Mycterotyptis Noe, 1905, to be simply synonyms of Lepio- 

 conops Skuse, 1889; and PsychopkcBna Phillipi, 1865, Tetraphora 

 Pliillipi, 1865, and Didymorphleps Weyenbergh, 1883, to be identical 

 with either Certopogon or Culicoides, but which it is impossible to 

 say, as the descriptions are too imperfect. 



Key of Genera. 



{a) Wings absent or rudimentary. 

 {aa) Wings present. 



(&) Median-cubital cross vein present {i.e., cell enclosed by a vein). 

 {bb) Median-cubital cross vein absent. 



[c] Wing with four to five very indistinct longitudinal veins, 

 wing club-shaped, the anterior margin with a long, 

 curved seta; the antennae with about twelve joints. 

 {cc) Wing margin without long, curved seta. 

 {d) Proboscis and palpi rudimentary. 

 {dd) Palpi not rudimentary. 



[e) Antennae with not more than ten joints. 

 [ee] Antennae with thirteen to fifteen joints. 

 (/) Antennae fifteen jointed (European and tropical genera). 

 {g) Wings hyaline. 

 {gg) Wings spotted — (i) QLcacta. 

 [fj) Antennae fourteen or less joints. 



[g) Thorax rounded and not produced over the head. Antennae 

 thirteen to fourteen joints, legs of moderate length. 

 [h] Antennae thirteen joints — (2) Leptoconops. 

 {hh) Antennae fourteen joints, plumose in the male, sparsely 

 paired in female. Typical wing venation. 

 {i) Wings hairy; last joint of tarsus with an empodium. 



{j) Empodium well developed, almost as long as the claws, which 



are without setae — (3) Ceraiopogon. 

 [jj) Empodium not so distinct, less than half as long as the claws, 

 which have setae on the underside — (4) Culicoides. 



