THE DIPTERA 



time, after which an abscess forms, and they are thrown out, drop 

 on to the ground, and become pupae, and finally imagos. 



We have seen larvae resembling these in the skins of Europeans 

 in Africa, and similar observations have been made by Plehn, 

 Strahan, Kolb, Nagal, Arnold, and Smith and others, but whether 

 these are D. cyaniventris or some other species has not been 

 determined. 



Pathogenicity. — -They cause pain and itching at the infected spot, 

 with swelling and oedema of the surrounding region, giving rise to 

 a boil-like swelling, rather hard, of a deep red colour, with a central 

 opening. Berne or ura of Brazil is the disease. 



Treatment. — On inspecting the region, a small opening will be 

 seen, and the larva may be noted, showing its stigmata at times, 

 and at other times disappearing and reappearing like a jack-in-the- 

 box. There is no difficulty in seizing this parasite with a pair of 

 forceps and forcibly removing it, and then treating the wound 

 antiseptically. The Brazilians try to asphyxiate the larva by 

 tobacco-smoke, or apply some animal fat to the opening in the 

 little tumour. The fat is said to act by preventing the larya from 

 breathing and compelling it to leave the tumour. Some authors 

 advise the application of calomel to the opening. 



Dermatobia (?) kenise Kolb. 



Kolb described a reddish-brown fly in East Africa under this 

 term. 



The fly behaved like D. cyaniventris in laying its eggs on the 

 skin of people when bathing. The larvae entered the skin, forming 

 nodules. The natives called the fly ' ngumba.' It is, however, 

 possible that this is not a true Dermatobia, which is a New World 

 genus, but a Cordylobia, 



Family Sarcophagid^. 



Muscoidea calyptratcB with large bodies, and antennal bristles 

 feathery at the base, but hair-like and very fine at the tip. Legs 

 stout. First posterior cell closed or only slightly open. 



The Sarcophagidae are the blow-flies, of which S. carnaria is 

 common. 



Genera. — Sarcophaga, Wohlfahrtia, Sarcophila, Cynomyia. 



Sarcophaga Meigen, 1826. 



It is by no means uncommon in the tropics to find ulcers, and 

 especially syphilitic erosions of the nose, infected with larvae of flies, 

 which may belong to 5. carnaria Linnaeus, 1758. The larvae have 

 also been found in several cavities of the human body, and those of 

 the former in the alimentary canal. The following are causes of 

 intestinal myiasis: 5. affinis, S, carnaria Linnaeus, 1761; 5, hcemor^ 



