onchocercinM 



649 



may cause itching, creeping sensations, so-called Calabar swellings, 

 irritation of the eyes and of the glottis (see Chapter LXXXVIII.). 



Setaria Viborg, 1795. 

 Synonyms. — Hamularia Treutzler, 1793; Tentacularia Zeder, 1800, Bosc, 

 1797. 



Definition. — Filariidcs with chitinous ring (and papilije around the mouth) 

 which is deeply notched laterally and less so dorsaily and ventrally. Tail 

 in both sexes with caudal appendages. Parasitic in serous cavities of 

 ruminants. 



Setaria equi Gmelin, 1789. 



Synonyms. — Gordius equinus Abbild, 1 789 ; Filavia eqm Gmelin, 1 789 ; Hamu- 

 laria lymphatica Treutzler; Tentacularia subcompressa Zeder, 1800; Filavia 

 papulosa Rudolphi, 1802; F. hominis hronchialis Rudolphi, 1829; E. hominis 

 Diesing, 1851; Sirongylus hronchialis Cobbold, 1879. 



History. — -Setaria equi is frequently found in horses and asses, generally 

 in the abdominal cavity, but also in the liver, female genitalia, and cranium. 



It is doubtful whether the immature Filarics, so commonly met with in 

 horses' eyes in India and Ceylon, belong to this species. Railliet has recently 

 put forth the view that they are due to the cattle filaria F. labiato papulosa. 

 Other cases have been noticed by Blanchard, Brera, and von Linstow. 



Morphology. — Whitish filiform body, pointed posteriorly. Cuticle with 

 delicate transverse striata, and mouth small, round, with chitinous ring and 

 two lips, and papilliform processes dorsaily and ventrally, and two sub- 

 median papillae. 



Male 6 to 8 centimetres in length, with posterior extremity spiral, with 

 four pre-anal and four post-anal papillae, and two unequal spicules. 

 Female 9 to 12 centimetres. 

 Pathogenicity. — Nil. 



Subfamily OnchocercinM Leiper, 1911. 



Onchocerca Diesing, .1841 . 

 Synonym.— 0?^coc(?rr^? Creplin, 1846. 



Filariidse with thick cuticle possessing spiroid thickenings. Male 

 with always four pre-anal papillae; female very long, with vulva 

 situated anteriorly. Viviparous. Name derived from oyKos (' a 

 hook ') and KkpKos {' a tail 



Species. — Onchocerca volvulus Leuckart, 1893. 



Other species are common in cattle — e.g., 0. gibsoni Cleland and 

 Johnston, 1910. in Australia, 0. gtttturosa i^eumd^nn, 1910, in Algeria 

 and Tunis. They cause onchocerciasis. Cleland and Johnston 

 suspect that 0. gibsoni is spread by lice, especially Hcematopinus 

 vituli. They report finding a Protozoal parasite somewhat like 

 a Herpetomonas or a Crithidia in 0. gibsoni. 



Onchocerca volvulus Leuckart, 1893. 

 This worm was discovered by a German medical missionary in 

 two tumours on the scalp and chest of negroes in the Gold Coast 

 Colony, West Africa. Labadie, Lagrave, and Deguy found another 

 specimen in a small swelling in the arm of a soldier from Dahomey. 

 Prout next described two cases in Sierra Leone, and Brumpt a 

 number of cases in his tour in West Africa, and Fiilleborn has 

 thoroughly studied the condition. 



