NOCARDIACEm 



1041 



grew anaerobically and was not capable of growth at ordinary 

 European air temperatures. In broth it formed small granules or 

 scales, which fell to the bottom of the tube. These cultures often 

 contained club-hke forms, and the branching filaments broke up 

 into bacillar^^ or coccal-like forms. Inoculations of gelatine cultures 

 into the peritoneal cavities of guinea-pigs produced actinomycosis. 

 This form is commonly called Nocardia israeli (Kruse, 1896). 

 Wright maintains that this organism is the true cause of actino- 

 mycosis and that A^. hovis is merely a contamination, but this cannot 

 be accepted. 



There are, therefore, two distinct organisms which can cause 

 actinomycosis in man and oxen— viz., N. hovis (Harz 1877) and 

 N. israeli (Kruse, 1896), but the difference between them is consider- 

 able; and therefore Pinoy has separated off the latter and its alhes 

 from the former and has founded the new genus Cohnistreptothrix 

 Pinoy, iQii. The name is derived from the fact that in 1874 Cohn 

 described a fungus in lachrymal concretions under the term Strepto- 

 thrix foersteri, which was considered to be a Nocardia and is now one 

 of the species of Pinoy's Cohnistreptothrix. These two genera 

 are distinguished as follows 



A. Grows aerobically, easy of cultivation, and producing 



arthrospores (Fig. 549)— Genus i, Nocardia Toni and 

 Trevisan, 1889. 



B. Grows best anaerobically, but can often grow aerobically; 



difficult of culture, and not producing arthrospores— 

 Genus 2, Cohnistreptothrix Pinoy, 1911. 



Genus Nocardia Toni and Trevisan, 1889. 



Synonyms. — ActinomycesKdiVz, 1877, ^z^cMeyen, 1829; Discomyces 

 Rivolta, 1878, nec Discomycetacece Fries, 18^6 ; Bacterium Affanasieff, 

 1888, nec Ehrenberg, 1830, emendavit Cohn, , 

 Hiippe; Streptothrix Rossi-Doria, 1891, nec f 

 Cohn, 1875; 06s/) Sauvageau and Radais, ^ / 

 1892, :^^^c Wallroth, 1833; C/^?^^o/An;v Mace, % / 

 1897, Cohn, 1875. ^1 



Definition. — Nocardiaceae growing aero- 

 bically, usually easy of culture, and pro- 

 ducing arthrospores. 



Type Species. — Nocardia hovis (Harz, \ 

 1877). 



Nomenclature.— Bollinger' s ray fungus w w^-^^' 



{Nocardia hovis) belongs to a genus of ic. 545. — Microsipho- 

 which the correct name is Nocardia Toni ^alls from Cohni- 

 and Trevisan. 1889, a tenn derived from S?xkSk. .,T" 

 iNocard, the celebrated French parasito- 

 logist, who was the first investigator to clearly recognize this 

 fungus in France. We state that it is^the correct name for the 

 following reasons — 



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