II04 



FUNGI IMPERFECTI 



Genus Madurella Brumpt, 1905, emendavit Pinoy, 191 2. 



Definition —Arthrosporineae with sterile septate hyphae, repro- 

 ducing the thallus by fragmentation and secreting a black pigment. 

 The spores are produced secondarily by binary division of the 

 articles. Found in black maduromycosis and grow well at 37° C. 



Type Species. — -Madurella mycetomi (Laveran, 1902). 



Historical— In 1901, Brumpt, Bouffard, and Chabaneix wrote an 

 account of a case of black mycetoma which they observed at 

 Djibouti. In the following year the organism found in this case 

 was studied by Laveran, who gave it the name Sireptothrix Mycetomi 

 Laveran, 1902 . Brumpt also found the same organism in a maduro- 

 mycosis in the centre of Somaliland, and also in an amputated foot 

 sent from Madagascar. 



Bouffard, in 1905, reported the presence of the same disease in 

 Senegal and in the French Sudan. 



In this variety the grains are black or deep brownish red, and 

 always hard and generally small, from 1-2 milHmetres in diameter, 

 when single, and not in accumulated masses. The surface is 

 irregular, with projecting points. On clearing with Eau de Javelle, 

 the fungal elements can be clearly seen. 



Brumpt (1905) formed a new genus, ' Madurella,' for this fungus, 

 defining it as follows : — ■ 



' Mucedine with white thallus, living parasitically in various animal tissues 

 (bone, muscle, connective tissue), possessing during its vegetative life fila- 

 ments with a diameter greater than i micron, and even reaching to 8-10 

 microns. These filaments are septate and branch from time to time; they 

 secrete a brown substance. When old, these filaments form a sclerote, and 

 their walls sometimes become impregnated with a brown pigment. In this 

 sclerote there are a number of rounded corpuscles, from 8-30 microns in 

 diameter (chlamydospores) .' 



The type species is the organism called Sireptothrix mycetomi 

 by Laveran, in 1902, which therefore becomes Madurella mycetomi 

 (Laveran, 1902), first cultivated by Brault (1911) in material from 

 Algerian cases. 



This form of mycetoma was reported by Balfour (1911) to be 

 present in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. 



Fig. 586. — Madurella mycetomi 

 Laveran. 



Fig. 587. — Grains of Indiella 

 reynieri Brumpt. 



(After Brumpt.) 



