712 



ARTHROPODA 



at each side. Palpi short and broad. First coxa with two large 

 ' teeth. Male with one or two pairs of anal shield. (Fig. 324.) 

 Type Species, — Euvhipicephalus sanguineus Latreille, 1804. 



Eurhipicephalus appendiculatus Neumann, 190 1. 



This is the brown tick of South Africa, where it spreads Theileria 

 parva among cattle and buffaloes, causing ' coast fever.' 



Morphology. — Male, scutum does not quite cover the dorsum; 

 festoons narrow; the median is prolonged into a caudal process. 

 In front of the festoons, three wide longitudinal grooves. Size, 

 4 by 2-6 millimetres. Female, dorsal plate oval; porose area 

 small. 



Life-History. — The eggs are laid in thousands on the grass, and 

 hatch in about twenty-eight days into six-legged larvae, which pass 

 from the grass on to cattle, suck blood, and drop off replete in about 

 three to four days. 



They now remain dormant for about twenty-one days, and finally 

 moult, giving rise to the eight-legged nymph. 



The nymph proceeds to attack cattle and suck blood, taking the 

 same length of time as the larva. It then drops off replete, and 

 in about eighteen days moults and becomes an adult male or female 

 tick, which again infests cattle. The female settles down quickly, 

 and is joined by the male. In about four days the female, which 

 has become fertilized and full of blood, drops off, and completes the 

 life-cycle by laying the eggs, after which she dies. 



What becomes of the male is not known. 



Pathogenicity. — It spreads Theileria parva, the cause of coast 

 fever in cattle, by the bites of the infected nymphs only — i.e., 

 infected larvse and adults do not spread the disease, but the larva 

 can hand the infection over to the nymph, which is the spreader. 



Eurhipicephalus bursa Canestrini and Fanzago, 1878. 



Synonym. — Rhipicephalus hilenus Pavesi, 1883. 



This species is widespread through Southern Europe, and is also 

 known in Africa, West Indies, and Malaga, as a sheep, horse, cattle, 

 and dog tick. 



Morphology. — Male, scutum half as long as wide; narrow anteri- 

 orly, with many punctations. Eleven festoons. Size 4-5 by 3 milli- 

 metres. 



Female, when newly hatched, flat; when distended with blood, 

 ovoid. Scutum oval; eyes about the middle of the length. Tegu- 

 ment with numerous punctations dorsally when young. 



Life-History. — The female lays the eggs on grass, and these develop 

 into larvae, which attack a sheep, and moult on it in about eight 

 days, forming nymphae, which grow for twenty-one days, fall 

 off on to the ground, moult, and become adults, which again 

 infest sheep. 



