854 



THE DIPTERA 



with regard to an African myiasis called ' muculo,' but as far as we know 

 this disease has not been traced. Wellman says that the term is not used in 

 Angola. In F. desjardensii the larvae become pupae in seven to^nine days, 

 and the pupae insects in another thirteen to fifteen days. 



Other Species. — Peiper also lists F. scalaris, F. incisurata, F. manicuta, 

 F. saltatfix as being causes of intestinal myiasis. 



Hydrotaea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830. 

 HydrolcBa meteorica Linnaeus, which usually attacks animals' eyes and 

 nostrils, is said to attack man also. 



SUBORDER III. PUPIPARA. 



Synonym. — Eprohoscida. 

 The Pupipara are flies which appear to 

 have become altered owing to their parasitic 

 life. They possess a well-defined proboscis, 

 which is said by Austen to resemble that of 

 the GlossincB by being armed at its tip with 

 teeth. Wings have been lost in several 

 species, either entirely or after the imago 

 has become parasitic, though they may exist 

 throughout life in other species. Their 

 feet are provided with extra ungues to enable 

 them to cling to the hairs, etc., of the host. 

 They do not lay eggs, but produce a larva, 

 fe which soon becomes a pupa. 



/-,x The suborder is divided into four families: 

 Fig. 440.— Nycteribia sp. (?). Hippoboscid^ ; (2) Nycteribidse ; {3) Brau- 



lidae; (4) Streblidae. 

 The Nycteribidse are parasitic on birds and bats. In this family comes 

 Penicillidia dufouri Westwood, which is the carrier of Achromaticus vesperu- 

 ginis Dionisi, 1898. The Braulidas are parasitic on bees, and the Streblidae 

 on bats, and therefore will not be considered further. 



Fig. 447. — Hippobosca rufipes von Olfers: Female (X 4-) 



