REFERENCES 



1033 



scattered by the wind, and after an interval of rest they germinate, producing 

 conidiospores of a basidium-Hke type. 



The spores of U. hypodyies are the cause, according to most authors, of a 

 peculiar affection found among workers who have to do with the cutting, etc., 

 of reeds [Arundo donax). This affection is called ' frienite,' or ' frien disease.' 

 The patient complains of symptoms somewhat resembling hay-fever — sneezing, 

 headache, etc. — and, in addition, shows an erythematous erysipeloid eruption 

 on the uncovered part of the body, and often also on the genital organs, 

 which may become greatly oedematous. Desquamation follows. 



According to other observers, the cause of tliis peculiar disease is to be 

 found, not in the spores of Ustilago, but in an insect — Aclerda berlesei, dis- 

 covered by Berlese — which often swarms on various reeds. The workers, in 

 manipulating the canes, squash some of these insects, and the irritating juice 

 exuding therefrom produces a dermatitis of an erythematous type. 



REFERENCES. 



A very valuable work on the Microsporums, the Trichophytons, and the 

 Achorions of Temperate Zones, is Sabouraud (1910), * Les Teignes,' Paris. 

 With regard to Aspergillus, the most important is Wehmer (1910), ' Die 

 Pilzgattung Aspergillus,' Geneve. 



Brault and Viguier (191 4). C. R. Soc. Biol. 



Castellani {1903- 19 1 9). Numerous papers in Journal Ceylon Branch British 

 Medical Association, Reports to Advisory Committee on Tropical 

 Diseases, Ceylon Medical Reports, British Journal of Dermatology, British 

 Medical Journal, Journal of Tropical Medicine, Annali Med. Navale, 

 Archiv. f . Dermatologie u. Syphilis. 



Castellani (1909). Journ. Ceylon Branch B.M.A. {Epidermophyton rubrum 

 and Other Fungi) . 



Castellani (1910). British Journ. of Dermatology {Epidermophyton rubrum) . 

 Castellani (1919), Bull. Soc. Path. Exot. (Etiology of Tokelau). 

 Castellani and Chalmers (1913). Manual of Trop. Med., 2nd Ed. 

 Chalmers and Marshall (1914-15). Journal of Tropical Medicine and 



Hygiene (Trichophytons) . 

 Chalmers and Macdonald (1915). Journal of Tropical Medicine and 



Hygiene (Trichoph^^tons) . 

 Gedoelst (1911). Synopsis de Parasitologic. Bruxelles. 

 Pinoy (1908-1918). Numerous papers in Bull. Soc. de Path. Exot. 

 Thom and Currie (191 6.) Journal of Agricultural Research, October 



[Aspergillus niger Group). Washington. 



