THE MALARIAL FEVERS 



a result, diarrhoea and urobilin in the urine. If the blood-destruc- 

 tion is excessive, the liver is unable to convert the whole of the 

 haemoglobin liberated into bile, with the result that some may be 

 left unaltered, and may produce haemoglobinuria. 



It appears, however, that an antitoxin is quickly formed, of the 

 nature of an anti-auto-complement, which neutralizes this haemo- 

 lysin, and it further appears, from the experiments of Casagrandi on 

 pigeons infected with Hcsmoproteus (Halteridium) , that the anti- 

 toxin may be a cause of the natural disappearance of the parasites, 

 and the cure of the disease. Of course, this antitoxin is produced 

 by the cells of the body, and anything which lessens its formation, 

 such as starvation, gives the parasite a chance to grow and cause 



Fig. 615. — Diagram of a Temperature Chart in Double Tertian 

 Malarial Fever. 



The fever of the first and third days is due to one brood of parasites, and 

 that of the second day to another brood. 



I, Schizont of first brood; 2, sporulating schizont of first brood; 3-5, tro- 

 phozoites of first brood; 6, schizont of first brood; A, schizont of second 

 t)rood; B, sporulating schizont of second brood; C-E, trophozoites of second 

 brood; F, scliizont of second brood. 



disease. Thus Casagrandi found that out of twenty-one birds 

 infected in 1904, ten were still infected in 1905. On semi-starving 

 two of these, he produced relapses, while two others treated with 

 antitoxin obtained from guinea-pigs inoculated with pigeon's blood 

 did not relapse. 



It will thus be seen that a relapse may be due entirely to pre- 

 disposing causes which lower the vitality of the body and prevent 

 the production of sufficient quantities of the antitoxin. 



Besides the difference pointed out above as to the place of sporula- 



