i628 THE MYIASES AND ALLIED CONDITIONS 



Prophylaxis. — The prophylaxis consists of prompt treatment of 

 conjunctivitis and the protection of the head when sleeping out 

 of doors. Natives wrap themselves up completely when sleeping 

 out of doors. 



URINARY MYIASIS. 



Definition. — Urinary myiasis is the invasion of the urinary passages, 

 particularly the urethra and bladder, by dipterous larvae, especially 

 those of the Anthomyidse. 



Historical. — This form of myiasis is rare, but has been recorded 

 by Ambrose Pare in 1582 and by Turner in the seventeenth century, 

 when he recorded two cases, while in 1909 Rene Chervel analyzed 

 all cases reported up to that date, and concluded that, of twenty 

 reported cases, six were genuine, ten were probable, and four were 

 doubtful. He also added one of his own observation. King, in 

 1914, reported an American case* Palmer and Austen have recorded 

 a case in England. Hagen has also drawn attention to a case in 

 Boston. 



etiology. — It is thought that the flies deposit the eggs near the 

 meatus urinarius, and that the newly-born larvae pass up into the 

 urethra. Sleeping in the open is generally accused as the method 

 of infection, but paralyzed persons become infected, especially 

 those with urinary troubles. The larvae which so far have been 

 recognized are those of Fannia canicularis Linnaeus, 1761, and 

 Fannia scalaris Fabricius (p. 852). 



Symptomatology. — Generally the larvae are discovered accidentally 

 when passing urine, when they may cause some shght obstruction. 



Treatment. — This apparently is unnecessary, as the larvae come 

 away without causing harm. 



VAGINAL MYIASIS. 



Definition. — Vaginal myiasis is the invasion of the vagina by the 

 larvae of dipterous insects, especially those of the Muscidae. 



Historical. — This form of myiasis appears to be rare, but Cipriani, 

 in 1902, came across a case which had a recto-vaginal fistula, and 

 Castellani saw two cases in Ceylon, but the larvae were not identified, 

 except Sarcophaga carnaria Linnaeus, 1758. In 1912 Pieter re- 

 ported the presence of Chrysomyia macellaria Fabricius, 1794, in 

 the vagina of a beggar-woman, and Low has seen a similar case in 

 the West Indies. 



Symptomatology. — ^There is a thick purulent discharge containing 

 the larvae, and some ulcerations deep in the walls of the vagina. 



Treatment.— Vaginal douches with an antiseptic are recommended. 



Prophylaxis. — Recto-vaginal fistulae should be operated upon. 



ORO-GASTRO-INTESTINAL MYIASIS. 



Definition. — Intestinal myiasis is the invasion of the intestine by 

 the larvae of certain species of flies, but especially by those belonging 



