THRUSH 



1741 



recur after removal. A favourite seat appears to be the sublingual 

 duct, where the calculus is apt, on superficial examination, to be 

 mistaken for an enlarged lymph gland. 



Espundia or oro-nasal leishmaniasis is fairly frequently met with, 

 and is described on p. 2175 ; while gangosa or its syphilitic counter- 

 part is frequently seen, and is described on pp. 1876-1879. 



Fig. 742. — Leucoplakia. 



Leucoplakia and cancers of the lips, cheeks, and tongue are fre- 

 quently met with in the tropics, and appear in a^curious way to be 

 related to mycetoma, via the condition called paramycetoma [vide 

 Chapter XCIII., p. 2145). 



THRUSH. 



Synonyms. — Saccharomycetic stomatitis. Oral oidiomycosis. French, 

 Muguet, Millet blanchet; Italian, Mughetto; German, Schwamchen, 



Definition. — A stomatitis, or, more correctly, a group of stomatites, 

 characterized by the presence of creamy white patches, believed in 

 the past to be produced by Oidium albicans Robin, while at the 

 present time it is recognized that they may be produced by a multi- 

 plicity of fungi. 



Historical. — The affection was clinically known to Hippocrates, 

 forming part of the a-rofxara dcfidtl^Sea described by him. It was also 

 certainly known to Galen under the term of aphthcB alhcB injantum. 



Sauvage called the affection aphthcB lactamen, and Bateman aphthcB 

 lactantium. 



In 1839 Langenbeck first discovered that the condition was due 

 to a fungus. It is interesting to note that the thrush case, micro- 

 scopically investigated by Langenbeck, was a patient suffering 

 from typhoid, and that Langenbeck suggested that the fungus 

 might be the cause of this malady. 



