RHINO-PHARYNGITIS SPIROCH /ETICA 



1881 



Prophylaxis. — Filtration of the water will prevent the parasite 

 entering the body. Masterman says that a kind of carp, Capoeta 

 Jratercula, will keep the wa'^'er free from leeches. 



RHINAL CHILOPODIASIS. 



Definition. — Rhinal chilopodiasis is the invasion of the nose by a species of 

 the Chilopoda (see p. 739). 



iEtioIogy and Symptomatology. — The Chilopoda have already been described 

 in Chapter XXVIII., and it has been pointed out that Geophilus carpophagus 

 Leach, G. similis Leach, G. electricus Leach, G. cephalicus Wood, Lithohius 

 forficatus Leach, and L. melanops have been found in the nasal cavities, 

 causing inflammation, with at times a great flow of mucus, while at others 

 there is a stoppage of the discharge. Associated with this flow there is head- 

 ache, with more or less marked remissions at times, and also general symptoms, 

 such as convulsions, angina, dyspnoea, etc., which are thought to be produced 

 refiexly by stimulation of the fifth nerve. The symptoms are thought to be 

 produced mechanically, and not to be due to any action of venom secreted by 

 the parasite. 



Diagnosis is to be made by examination of the nose by a speculum. 



Treatment. — The affection is not serious, and often the parasite is expelled 

 by merely sneezing. More rarely chloroform-water injections, snuff, eau-de- 

 Cologne, or turpentine injections are needed. Still more rarely will a sinus, 

 such as the frontal sinus, require to be opened. 



LINGUATULIASIS. 



Linguatula serrata Frolich, 1789, has been found occasionally in the nose of 

 man in Europe and in the tropics {vide p. 732). 



RHINO-PHARYNGITIS SPIROCHiETICA. 



Definition. — A rhino-pharyngitis characterized by the presence 

 of numerous spirochaetes in the nasal and pharyngeal secretion. 



Historical and Geographical. — This affection has been described 

 by Castellani, who has found cases of it in the tropics, in 

 the Balcanic-Adriatic zone, and one in England. 



etiology. — In the nasal and pharyngeal secretion large numbers 

 of spirochsetes are present at the beginning of the attack, while other 

 organisms are practically absent ; in a later stage, however, bacteria 

 are present in great abundance. The spirochaete found — Spiro- 

 schaudinnia minuta Castellani — is very delicate, more delicate than 

 5. hvonchialis. It can be put in evidence by the ultra-microscope, 

 or by staining with various modifications of Romanowsky, the best 

 for this particular spirochaete being apparently Jenner's modification. 

 Silver methods of staining (especially using Fontana-Tribondeau's 

 technique) give good results. In preparations stained with 

 Romanowsky, or other modifications of this method, the organism 

 takes often a pinkish-red or purplish tinge. The length of the organ- 

 ism varies from 3 to 10 or 12 or more microns. The beginner should 

 be careful not to mistake for spirochaetes undulating fibrin threads, 

 particles of detached ciliated epithelium, and detached ciha. 



Symptomatology. — The affection does not clinically differ from 

 an ordinary attack of coryza. There is sneezing, sero-mucous nasal 



