1934 



DISEASES OF THE URINARY ORGANS 



Upon dogs, and showed that fermentative intestinal disturbances 

 associated with the absence of free hydrochloric acid in the gastric 

 juice were the causal agent. 



Climatology. — It may occur in any part of the world, but is very 

 commonly met with in the tropics, in Europeans and natives alike. 

 With regard to its presence in natives, Burkitt's observations in 

 Chandira in.Eastern Bengal are especially interesting. 



^Etiology. — The normal quantity of calcium oxalate to be ex- 

 creted in the urine is 0-5 gramme per diem. It may perhaps come 

 from certain vegetal substances in the diet, but it is more likely that 

 it is in some way associated with either proteid fermentation in the 

 alimentary canal or proteid metabolism. 



Miss Baldwin's experiments tend to show that if the carbohydrate 

 food of a dog is abnormally increased hypochlorhydria may result, 

 and with it oxaluria. Burkitt's observations support this, as he 

 shows that the Manipuris (of Mongolian origin) living round 

 Chandira in Eastern Bengal, and consuming nothing but vegetables 

 and fruit, suffer excessively from oxaluria. Certainly treatment based 

 upon the idea of too little acidity in the stomach is most successful. 



Symptomatology. — Dyspepsia, pain in the lumbar region, shoot- 

 ing down the ureter, burning during micturition, and even hsema- 

 turia, are signs of oxaluria. These symptoms may or may not be 

 associated with signs of mild neurasthenia. If unchecked, oxaluria 

 may lead to the formation of an oxalate calculus in the kidney or 

 bladder, accompanied by the ordinary signs of stone in the kidney 

 or bladder. 



Treatment.- — The treatment is simple and certain. A few minims 

 of the dilute pharmacopoeial preparation of nitrohydrochloric acid 

 combined with J drachm of the compound tincture of cinchona bark 

 and I ounce of the compound mixture of gentian, given three times a 

 day before meals, is the best remedy. 



URINARY MYIASIS AND CANTHARIASIS. 



See Chapter LXVU., pp. 1628 and 1640. 



CHYLURIA. 



This is generally due to filariasis, and is described on p. 1608. 

 Cases of schistosomic origin occur, and Remlinger has placed on 

 record two cases due to hydatids, with hydatid membrane in the urine. 

 Quarelli, in 1918, drew attention to a malarial chykiria associated 

 with malarial parasites in the blood, and cured by quinine therapy, 

 occurring in a person who had never left Italy. 



URINARY TESTS. 



Gastellani and Taylor's Mycological Method for the Detection of Glucose, 

 Lactose, Maltose, and Other Carbohydrates in the Urine. — The tropical prac- 

 titioner generally bases the diagnosis of diabetes on the reduction of Fehling's 

 solution by the suspected urine. Fehling, however, may be reduced by a 



