2140 



MYCETOMA AND PARAMYCETOMA 



Climatology. — The geographical distribution of this variety of 

 mycetoma is as follows: — 



I. Black actinomycosis : Only one variety of this is known — 

 viz. : — 



Babes and Mironescu's black actinomycosis, found in 

 Roumania and caused by an unknown fungus. 



II. Yellow actinomycosis : This form is well known in North 



America, and Sutton, of Kansas City, in 1913, in addition 

 to drawing attention to four previously described cases, 

 added two from his own practice. The usual microscopical 

 appearances shown in yellow actinomycosis are depicted 

 in Fig. 848, but the only method, known to us, of distin- 

 guishing the nine forms of actinomycosis classifiable 

 under this heading is by cultivation, as will be indicated 

 below. The nine varieties known to us are: — 



1. Israel's yellow actinomycosis, found in Europe and 



America (North and South), and caused by Cohni- 

 streptothrix israeli (Kruse, 1896). 



2. Ravaut and Pinoy's yellow actinomycosis, found in 



France, and caused by Cohnistreptothrix thibiergei 

 Ravaut and Pinoy, 1909. 



3. Acland's yellow actinomycosis, found in Europe, but 



the distribution of this form requires further investi- 

 gation. It is caused by Nocardia bovis (Harz, 1877). 



4. Bouffard's yellow actinomycosis, found at Djibouti, in 



French Somaliland, in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, 

 and in South-West Africa, and caused by Nocardia 

 somaliensis (Brumpt, 1906). 



5. Krause's yellow actinomycosis, found in Europe, and 



caused by Nocardia krausei (Chester, 190 1). 



6. Garten s yellow actinomycosis, found in Europe, and 



caused by Nocardia garteni (Chester, 190 1). 



7. Hesse's yellow actinomycosis, found in Europe, and 



caused by Nocardia liquefaciens (Hesse, 1892). 



8. Chalmers and Christopherson's yellow actinomycosis, 



found in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, where it appears 

 to be not uncommon, and caused by Nocardia con- 

 voluta Chalmers and Christopherson, 1916. 



9. Eppinger's yellow actinomycosis, found in Europe, 



America (North and South), Asia, and Africa, and 

 caused by Nocardia aster oides Eppinger, 1890. 



III. Red {sometimes yellowish) actinomycosis : Only one form 



of which is known :— 

 Carter's red {sometimes yellowish) actinomycosis, found in, 

 India, Hawaii, Argentina, Cuba, Senegal, Algeria 

 Cyprus, and Somaliland, and caused by Nocardia 

 indica (Kanthack, 1893), synonym, Streptothrix madurcB 

 (Vincent, 1894). 



