2142 



MYCETOMA AND PARAMYCETOMA 



(p) Blood serum liquefied. 



(w) Pathogenic for laboratory animals: — 



7. Garten's yellow actinomycosis, caused by N. garteni 



Brumpt, 1906. 

 {x) Non-pathogenic for laboratory animals. 

 [y] Gelatine liquefied: — 



8. Hesse's yellow actinomycosis, caused by N. lique- 



faciens Hesse, 1892. 

 (z) Gelatine not liquefied: — 



9. Chalmers and Christopher son's yellow actinomycosis, 



caused by Nocardia convoluta Chalmers and 

 Christopher son, 1916. 



III. THE RED (SOMETIMES YELLOWISH) ACTINO- 

 MYCOSIS. 



There is only one known variety — viz., Carter's red (sometimes 

 yellowish) actinomycosis, of which the causal organism is Nocardia 

 indica (Kanthack, 1893). 



The reasons for believing that these are the causal organisms of 

 the disease are the same as for maduromycosis, and need not be 

 repeated. 



Pathology. — This is much the same as in maduromycosis. 

 Morbid Anatomy. — A young growth removed in toto can be divided 

 into two portions, viz. : — 



1. A dense matrix. 



2. A number of irregularly shaped darker bodies, ' the fungal 

 masses,' embedded in the matrix. 



The Matrix. — -When the matrix is studied by the aid of higher 

 magnifications, it will be seen to be composed of white fibrous 

 connective tissue containing a large number of connective-tissue 

 corpuscles, and here and there a bloodvessel or a small group of 

 bloodvessels which may or may not be associated with a collection 

 of cells, and, in addition, lymph spaces and small collections of fat 

 cells mostly associated with the bloodvessels. When these vessels 

 are studied more carefully, some will be observed to be more or less 

 normal, while others show signs of periarteritis or endarteritis of 

 varying degree, which produce diminution and even occlusion of the 

 lumen. 



Connected with many of these vessels, and often more or less 

 surrounding them, lie dense masses of cells, which when carefully 

 studied appear to be all mononuclear. They are not all of the same 

 category, however, for some, judging by their nuclei, appear to be 

 derived JErom the endothelial cells of the vessels. Another type 

 of cells is characterized by a darker staining nucleus, and appearing 

 when cut in certain directions as though it possessed very little 

 cytoplasm, but, when seen more correctly, has a relatively fair 

 quantity of cytoplasm in proportion to the size of the nucleus. 

 The nucleus being placed excentrically, and the cytoplasm being 



