MONILIA 



II. Associated with sprue: — 



1. M. decolorans Castellani and Low, 191 3. 



2. M. enterica Castellani, 191 1. 



3. M. fsecalis Castellani, 191 1. 



4. M. insolita Castellani, 191 1. 



5. M. intestinalis Castellani, igii. 



C. Species found in vaginal discharge in the tropics and in Europe : — • 



1. M. balanica (Castellani, 1916). 



2. M. metalondinensis (Castellani, 1916). 



3. M. naborroi (Castellani, 1917). 



4. M. parabalcanica (Castellani, 19 16). 



5. M. pinoyi (Castellani, 19 10). 



6. M. tropicalis (Castellani, 1909). 



D. Species found in man, hut not classified : — 



1. M. lactea Castellani, 191 3. 



2. M. lacticolor Castellani, 191 3. 



A brief description of these species may be given. 



Monilia albicans Robin, 1853. 



Synonyms. — Oidium albicans Robin, 1853; Syringospora rohini 

 Quinquaud, 1868; Saccharomyces albicans Rees, 1877; Monilia 

 albicans Zopf, 1890; Endomyces albicans Vuillemin, 1898. 



One of the fungi giving rise to thrush. Widely different descrip- 

 tions have been given of the so-called thrush-fungus. Some authori- 

 ties (Hewett) state that the organism liquefies gelatine; others affirm 

 the reverse. Several writers give it as clotting milk, others as 

 having no action on this medium. Castellani has demonstrated 

 that man can be affected by numerous different species of Monilia, 

 and that the term thrush-fungus 

 {Oidium albicans, Endomyces albicans , 

 Monilia albicans) has been in the 

 past used to cover a number of 

 different species, in the same manner 

 that the term B. coli was for years 

 applied to a multitude of different 

 intestinal bacteria, when a few fer- 

 mentation tests only were carried 567.— Monilia albicans 

 out. As the species M. albicans Robin. 

 has to be split into many species, 



we keep the term M. albicans for the species which we are now 

 describing, and which clots milk and liquefies gelatine. 



Parasitic Life. — This fungus forms white patches on the tongue and 

 oral mucosa. The patches are easily detached. A particle of the 

 patch examined microscopically shows septate mycelial threads, 

 occasionally ramified, with segments straight or somewhat bent, 

 and easily dissociated. Each segment is about 20 fi in length 

 and 3 to 5 ^ in breadth. At the terminal end of each mycelial thread 

 three or four shorter ovoid elements are found, which reproduce by 

 budding. Some similar ovoid or roundish globular refringent cells 

 may be observed originating laterally at the septations of the myce- 



