MONGOLIC DIVISION 



55 



In Oceania, taken in its widest sense to include all the islands of the Indian 

 Ocean, as well as what is generally known as Oceania, the Mongol peoples 

 are often known under the term ' Malays,' which is, properly, only applied 

 to the Mohammedan tribes of Malay Peninsula, who are the Malays proper. 

 These Malayans are found in Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Celebes, Bali, Lombok, 

 Billeton, Bangka, the Spice Islands, and the Philippines, but are much 

 mingled with other races — e.g., with the negroes of Bantu origin in Mada- 

 gascar, and the Caucasic Indonesians in Malaysia generally. 



Keane says that the term ' Malay ' was originally applied to the Orang- 

 Malayu, a small tribe of the Menangkabau district of Sumatra, who rose into 

 prominence about a thousand years ago and spread over the archipelago, 

 and whose language is the chief medium of intercourse throughout Malaysia. 



Reverting to the primeval home of the Mongols, there are still further off- 

 shoots to mention — viz., the Hyperboreans of Northern Siberia and the 

 Mongol-Tiirki. These latter, who are often called Mongol-Tatars, from two 

 words — 'Mongol,' meaning 'brave,' and 'Tatar,' the plural of 'Tata,' 

 'an archer' (while 'Turk' is an Aryan word meaning 'swift'), which, 

 again, is often spelt ' Tartar ' — spread in two directions — eastwards and 

 westwards. The eastward -migrating Mongol-T-&rki gave rise to the Mongols 

 proper, who include the Kalmuks, Sharras, Buryats, Tunguses, and Manchus, 

 and the Mongoloid Koreans and Japanese. The Tunguses of the Amur Basin 

 and East Siberia are interesting because the great bulk of them are Shamanists, 

 their Shamans being medicine men, often called ' priests,' who heal by magic, 

 uttering ora,cles by which they establish communication with the invisible 

 world, and thus are able to coerce good spirits and evil spirits to work for the 

 good of the patient, and even to expel devils. The Manchus are the cele- 

 brated imperial caste of the Chinese Empire. The Koreans, so called after 

 the powerful Koryo dynasty of a.d. 918-1392, are of mixed Caucasic and 

 Mongolic origin, and are the precursors of the Japanese, who are of mixed 

 Caucasic origin from the Ainus, Mongolic origin from the Manchus and 

 Koreans, and Malayan from the Malays coming through the Philippine Islands 

 and Formosa. 



The westward -migrating Mongol-Turki need not detain us, except to state 

 that they gave rise to the Turki proper, the Samoyedes, the Lapps, the 

 Magyars and Finns, and the Bulgars, probably only in part. 



Classification. — The Mongolic division (vide Figs. 2 and 3) may 



be classified into : — 



1. Mongols, who include the Mongols proper, the Tunguses, the 

 Manchus, the Koreans, and Japanese. 



2. Turki Peoples, who are the Yakuts, Kirghizes, Turkomans, 

 Anatolian Turks, and Osmanli Turks. 



3. Ugro-Finns, comprising the Finns, Lapps, Samoyedes, Mord- 

 vins, and Magyars. 



4. Tibeto-Chinese, with the Tibetans, Burmese, Nagas, Shans, 

 Siamese, Annamese, and Chinese. 



5. Malayans, who are classed into the Malays proper, the Javan- 

 ese, including the Sundanese, Madurese, and Javanese proper; 

 the Achinese, Rejangs, and Passumahs of Sumatra; the Bugis, 

 Mangkassaras, and Minahasans of Celebes; the Tagalas, Bisayas, 

 etc., of the Philippines, the Dyaks of Borneo, the Formosans, and 

 the Hovas of Madagascar. 



Amerind Division. 



The Amerind or American-Indian division of mankind has a 

 twofold origin — from Europe and from Asia. From Europe dolicho- 



