ARROW POISONS 



(b) Used by the Hottentots and South African Bushmen — 



5. Hsemanthus toxicarius (Linnaeus). 



6. Euphorbia cereiformis (Linnaeus) . 



7. Euphorbia virosa (Wight). 



8. Euphorbia heptagona (Linnaeus) . 



9. Euphorbia arborescens (Boissier). 

 10. Hyaenanche globosa (Lamb). 



Nigerian Arrow-Poisons. — Parsons finds that the common arrow- 

 poisons are either strophanthus or strychnos. 



Asia. — The best known of these poisons are those used in Malaya 

 Sumatra, and Borneo, and prepared from the following : — 

 RanunculacecB — 



Aconite (various species) . 

 UrticacecB — 



Antiaris toxicaria Leschenault. 

 LeguminoscB — 



Derris elliptica Bentham. 

 LoganiacecB — 



Strychnos tieute Leschenault. 



Strychnos wallichiana Bentham. 



Strychnos maingayi Clarke. 

 RubiacecB — 



Lasianthus flavescens Korthals. 

 DioscoreacecB — 



Dioscorea hirsuta Blume. 

 Aroidea — 



Amorphophallus campanulatus Blume. 

 AfocynacecB — 



Tabernsemontana malaccensis Hooker. 



Aconite.' — The Mishmi arrow-poison of North-East India is derived 

 from some species of aconite, perhaps A . ferox or A . heterophylloide. 



Aconitum ferox Wall, belonging to the natural order of the Ranun- 

 culaceae, is used by the Himalayan tribes from Assam to Kashmir 

 as an arrow-poison, and several Sepoys have been mortally wounded 

 in expeditions. 



The poison is applied as a paste to the arrow, and is said to be 

 mixed with septic blood to increase its effects (Waddell). It is also 

 said to be used along the French and Chinese frontiers of the Indian 

 Empire, and by the Ainos in Japan, but the latter are believed to 

 mix it with tobacco. 



Antiaris toxicaria. — A. toxicaria (Lesch) is a tree growing in 

 Malaya, the sap of which provides the arrow-poison known as ipuh, 

 ipo, ipoh, ternek, kyass, poon, upas, etc. It is used by the Sakais 

 of Malacca, the Battaks of Sumatra, the Dyaks of Borneo, and the 

 Mois of Cochin China. Brandwood's dart-poison, dajaksch, from 

 Borneo, appears to be from the juice of A, toxicaria. 



