1 88 POISONS USED IN FISHING, HUNTING, AND TRADE 



In India the following are used : — 



Anamirta cocculus Wight (Menispermaceae). 

 Dolichandrone falcata Seemann (Bignoniaceae). 



In Java and Sumatra : — 



Pittosporum densiflorum Putterlick (Pittosporese). 

 Tephrosia toxicaria Persoon. 

 Tephrosia piscatoria Persoon. 



In the Philippine Islands:- — ■ 



Sapindus rarak De Candolle (Sapindacese). 

 Harpulia arbor ea Radlkofer (Sapindaceae). 



In the Dutch East Indies: — 



Derris elliptica Bentham (Leguminosae). 

 Pachyrhizus angulatus Richard. 



Both of these plants contain a non-nitrogenous substance, called 

 respectively derrid and pachyrhizid, highly poisonous to fish. 

 Derris-root will kill fish in a dilution of i to 25,000 of water, and 

 derrid in i to 5,000,000. 

 In the Comoro Islands: — 



Tephrosia vogelii Hooker (Leguminosse). 

 In the West Indies :■ — 



Piscidia erythrina Linnaeus. 



This plant, called the Jamaica dogwood, is used by throwing 

 the leaves and entire branches into the water, when the active ' 

 principle, piscidin, dissolves out and paralyzes the fish, which are 

 easily caught floating on the surface. 

 In Guyana: — 



Tapura guyanensis Aublet. 

 Ichthyothere cunahi Martins. 



In South America: — 



Grewia asiatica Linnaeus. 

 Dichapetalum toxicarium Baillon. 



Serjania ichthyoctova Radlk (the Timba of the Amazon). 

 Serjania lethalis St. Hillaire (the Timba of the Amazon). 

 Serjania piscatoria Radlk (the Timba of the Amazon) . 

 Hydrocotyle javenica Ehrenberg. 

 Clibadium asperum De Candolle. 

 Jacquinia armillaris Linnaeus. 



In Africa: — 



Kiggelia africana Linnaeus. 

 Paulowilhelmia speciosa R. Brown. 

 Tephrosia vogelii Hooker. 



In Sardinia : — 



(Enanthe crocata Linnaeus. 

 Daphne guidium Linnaeus. 



