28o 



VENOMOUS ANIMALS 



Injected subcutaneously, it only causes local swelling, and the animal 

 recovers in a few days. Injected intravenously, it causes fall in the blood- 

 pressure and death from respiratory failure. The heart appears to be un- 

 affected, but the blood in the venous system is found coagulated after death, 

 which takes place in twenty-five to thirty minutes. The venom has no 

 haemolytic or proteolytic action. 



The difference between the slight effect of the subcutaneous and the serious 

 effect of the intravenous injection is thought to be due to the fact that the 

 poison is but slowly absorbed. 



In a man who was stung on the hand the symptoms were very severe pain, 

 swelling in the hand, which rapidly spread up the arm, dif&culty in opening 

 the mouth, cold sweats, with severe sickness. Recovery took place in a 

 few days as far as the general symptoms were concerned, but it was several 

 weeks before the hand quite recovered. 



The treatment has generally been ammonia, but the symptoms and the 

 experiments point to a venom closely related to viperine poison, and ^ye 

 should recommend the proximal ligature and permanganate of potash — in 

 fact, the treatment advocated for snake-bite. 



O. paradoxus is often called O. anatinus Shaw, 1799. 



REFERENCES. 

 Ophidia. 



Alcock and Rogf.rs (1901). Proceedings of the Royal Society, August 22. 



Badaloni (1884). La vipera ed il suo veleno. Bologna. (1882). Sul per- 

 manganate di Potassio quale Antidote del veleno del Serpenti. Bull, 

 delle scienze Mediche. Bologna. 



BouLENGER (1896). Catalogue of Snakes. British Museum. (1915)- Pfo- 

 ceedings of the Zoological Society of London, p. 193. (Snakes of Belgian 

 and Portuguese Congo, 369; of Madagascar.) London. (Undated) Snakes 

 of Europe. 



Brazil (1905). LTntoxication d'origine ophidienne. Paris. (1906). British 



Medical Journal, i. 

 Brunton (1891). British Medical Journal, I., i. i. 



Brunton and Fayrer. Proceedings of the Royal Society, xxi., xxii., and 

 xxiii. 



Calmette (1907). Les Venins. Paris. (1893). Ann. de ITnstitut Pasteur, 



Paris, VII. (1894), VII. (1895), IX. (1896). Lancet, ii. 

 Davy (1821). On the Poisons of Three of the Poisonous Snakes of Ceylon. 



London. (1839). Physiological and Anatomical Researches, i. 113. 



London. On Snake-Stones. Asiatic Researches, xiii. 317. 

 Elliott (1900). Researches into the Nature and Action of Snake- Venom. 



British Medical Journal, i. 309, ii. 217. (1901). Indian Medical Gazette. 



(1904). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London. 

 Faust, E. S. (1906). Die Tierischen Gifte. Braunschweig, pp. 29-94. 



(Copious literature.) 

 Fayrer, Sir Joseph (1872). Thanatophidia of India. London. And many 



other publications. 

 FiTZSiMONS, F. W. (191 2). The Snakes of South Africa. Cape Town. 

 Flexner and Noguchi (1903). Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology. 

 Eraser AND Gtjnn (1911). Philosophical Transactions, B., ccii., 1-27. (The 



Action of the Venom of Echis cannatits.) London. 

 Green (1908). Spolia Zeylanica, v., part xviii., p. 103. 

 KiTAjiMA (1908). Philippine Journal of Sc. B., iii. 151. 



Kyes (1906). Ehrlicli's Studies on Immunity, pp. 291, 443, 466. (1910)- 

 Journal Infectious Diseases. 



Lamb, G. (1903). Sci. Mem. Medical Officers of India, November. (1909)- 

 Trans. Bombay Med. Congress. 



Lamb and Hanna (1901). Lancet, i. Journal of Pathology and Bacteri- 

 ology, 1902. 



