38o 



TR YPA NO SO MID m 



good for Stegomyia fasciata. Phlebotomus is suspected, but there 

 is no experimental evidence. Flu suspects ticks as being the 

 possible carriers in Dutch Guiana. Pediculi have no supporters, 

 and Stomoxys is not regarded as a likely carrier. As Patton has 

 recorded the presence of L. tropica in the peripheral blood, it might 

 not be necessary for a blood-sucker to ingest juices from the local sore. 



Pathogenicity. — It is the cause of specific sores found in the skin 

 and on mucous membranes in Asia, Africa, and America, and which 

 are commonly known as Oriental sore, but which also have a large 

 number of local names, such as pian-bois, espundia, Delhi sore, 

 Bagdad button, clou de Gafsa, ulcer of Bauru, etc. 



Laveran and Nattan-Larrier have created the variety americana (L. tropica 

 Wright var. americana Laveran and Nattan-Larrier) for the Leishmania found 

 in Espundia, characterized by a flattened nucleus. Vianna has created a new 

 species, L. braziliensis, for a Leishmania observed by him in cases of ulcer, but 

 Marchoux doubts whether this new species is justifiable, as it has no distinc- 

 tive characters. 



SUBFAMILY TRYPANOSOMINiE Castellani and Chalmers, 



1919. 



Definition. — Trypanosomidse in which the kinetonucleus is 

 situate in certain stages of the life-cycle between the trophonucleus 

 and the aflagellar extremity of the body . A well-developed undulat- 

 ing membrane is present. 



Type Genus." — Trypanosoma Gruby, 1843, emendavit Laveran and 

 Mesnil, 1901. 



Classification. — A brief history of the discovery of the more 

 important species of this family has been given in Chapter I. The 

 genera which have been described are : — 



Trypanosoma Gruby, 1843, emendavit Laveran and Mesnil, 1901. 

 Trypanoplasma Laveran and Mesnil, 1901, emendavit 1904. 

 Trypanophis Keysselitz, 1904. 

 Endotrypanum Mesnil and Brimont, 1908. 

 Schizotrypanum Chagas, 1909. 

 Rhynchoidomonas Patton, 1912. 



But Trypanoplasma and Trypanophis belong to the Bodonidae, 

 and not to the Trypanosomidae {vide p. 337)- 



Endotrypanum would appear to be an immature trypanosome, 

 without an undulating membrane, and parasitic in red corpuscles. 

 In 1905 Nissle drew attention to the occasional invasion of red cells 

 by trypanosomes, and in 1904 Moore found peg-shaped bodies in 

 the red blood-corpuscles of cattle suffering from trypanosomiasis in 

 Southern Nigeria. 



With regard to Schizotrypanum, it was at first classified as a 

 trypanosome, but when its peculiar schizogony became known, it 

 was thought necessary to separate it therefrom under a separate 

 generic name, and to this we now adhere. 



The subfamily therefore contains the genus Trypanosoma, of 



