CHAPTER XCV 



ULCERATIONS 



Cutaneous leishmaniasis (Oriental sore) — Muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis 

 (Espundia) — Indian oro-pharyngeal leishmaniasis — Ulcus tropicum — 

 Ulcus interdigitale — Ulcus infantum — Remarks on ulcers in the tropics — 

 Granuloma inguinale — Papilloma inguinale — References. 



CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS (ORIENTAL SORE). 



Synonyms. — Delhi boil; Aleppo boil; Biskra boil; Bagdad boil; 

 Ulcera de Bauru (Brazil); Bouton d'Orient; Ulcere d'Orient; 

 Chancre du Sahara; Dermite Ulcereuse Circonscrite (Corre) ; Ende 

 mische Beulenkrankheit ; Bottone d'Oriente; Godownik, i.e., 

 ' yearly boil ' (Caucasus) ; the Tartar name is ' Il-jarassy ' (' il '= 

 year, ' jar assy '=boil) ; Tschiban, i.e., 'yearly sore'; Dous-el- 

 Kourmati, i.e., 'date disease' (Turkish); Ghisud (Abyssinia); 

 Habb-es-Sanawi, i.e., ' yearly boil '; Habb-es-Sanah, i.e., ' boil of the 

 year'; Bess-el-Temiir, i.e., 'date disease' (Arabian); Salek, i.e., 

 'annual' (Persian); Pascha-churdj, i.e., 'fly-bite'; Afghan Jara, 

 i.e., ' Afghan plague '; Jaman Dyscharagan, i.e., ' mahgnant ulcer '; 

 Taschkent Jarassi, i.e., ' Tashkent ulcer ' (Tashkent) ; Mycosis 

 Cutis Chronica (Carter) ; Lupus Endemicus (Lewis and Cunningham) ; 

 Endemic Boil Disease (Scheube) ; Granuloma Endemicum (Brooke) ; 

 Furunculus Orientalis (Crocker) ; Pian-Bois (Guiana) ; Sudan nodules ; 

 Cutaneous leishmaniasis; Leishman nodules; Parasitic granuloma 

 (Ferguson and Richards). 



The so-called Nile boil has been demonstrated by Modder and 

 Archibald to have nothing to do with Oriental sore, being of pyo- 

 genic origin. The so-called Bucharest boil, also, has apparently 

 nothing to do with Oriental sore. 



Definition.- — A specific ulcerative affection of the skin caused by 

 Leishmania tropica Wright and its varieties. 



History. — The earliest account of the disease is to be found in 

 Russell's description of Aleppo boil in 1756, in which he states 

 that the inhabitants believed that it was caused by the drinking- 

 water. The disease was also described by Hasselquist in 1762, 

 Holland in 1780, Volney in 1787, Alibert in 1832, and Guillon in 1835. 

 Tholozan, in 1866, appears to have been the first to doubt the 

 aetiological value of the drinking-water; but Virchow is said by 

 Hirsch to have been the first to suggest that the true cause might 

 possibly be a parasite. 



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