ETIOLOGY 



1539 



followed by a typical general eruption. In two cases apparently 

 the eruption did not start from the seat of inoculation. 



Charlouis, in 188 1, inoculated thirty-two Chinese prisoners, who 

 had never suffered from the disease, with crusts and scrapings from 

 a case of yaws. The disease developed in twenty-eight of them, 

 beginning invariably at the seat of inoculation. Moreover, he 

 inoculated a native suffering from typical yaws with syphilis. The 

 inoculation was quite successful, a primary syphilitic sore develop- 

 ing, followed by all the usual types of secondary eruption. That 

 yaws patients are not immune against syphilis is proved also by 

 Powell and Nichols and others, who have described several cases 

 of syphilis supervening on yaws. Syphilitic patients may contract 

 framboesia naturally and experimentally. 



Inoculation Experi- 

 ments in Monkeys and 

 Other Animals. — Neis- 

 ser, Prowazek, Halber- 

 stadter in Java, and 

 shortly afterwards Cas- 

 tellani in Ceylon, have 

 shown that monkeys 

 are susceptible to fram- 

 boesia. According to 

 their experiments, the 

 inoculation period varies 

 from a minimum of six- 

 teen days to a maxi- 

 mum of ninety-two. 

 The appearance of the 

 lesions developing at the 

 seat of inoculation is 

 practically the same in 

 all cases — viz., an infil- fig. 686. — Monkey inoculated with 

 tratecl spot slowly in- Frambcesia. 

 creasing in size, and 



soon becoming moist, the secretion drying into a thick crust. 

 Removal of the crust exposes a raw, granulating, red surface. 



In the monkeys of a low class (genus Macacus, genus Semnopi- 

 thecus) the eruption is, as a rule, localized to the seat of inoculation. 

 The infection, however, is general, as is proved by the presence of 

 T. pertenue in the spleen and lymphatic glands besides the local 

 lesions. Halberstadter has obtained a general eruption in ourang- 

 outangs. According to Castellani's experiments, splenic blood, ob- 

 tained by puncturing the spleen of a patient affected with fram- 

 bcesia, can reproduce the disease in monkeys. The inoculation of 

 the blood of the general circulation also may occasionally produce 

 the disease. The inoculation of cerebro-spinal fluid into normal 

 monkeys has always proved negative. 



Neisser, Halberstadter, von Prowazek in Java, and later Castellani 



