GEOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 



besides two vertebrse of a big mainmal, referred to the 

 genus Zeuglodon. The marine fossils associated with 

 these remains enabled Wilckens to come to the above 

 decision as to the geological age of the formation. 



At Cockburn Island, to the north of Seymour Island, 

 Gunnar Andersson describes a Pecten conglomerate 160 

 metres above sea-level. This marine formation he con- 

 siders to be probably of Pliocene age, and the equivalent 

 of the Parana beds of the north of the Argentine Republic 

 or of the Cape Fairweather beds of Southern Patagonia. 



Nordenskj old's expedition proved that during the 

 maximum glaciation, in late Geological time, the inland 

 ice rose 300 metres higher than it does at present, in the 

 neighbourhood of Borchgrevink Nunatak, at the south- 

 east end of Graham Land. This was proved by the 

 maximum height of erratic boulders found on the slopes 

 of the nunatak, above the present level of the surface of 

 the inland ice sheet. Gunnar Andersson mentions the 

 occurrence of raised beaches at Cockburn Island and also 

 at Sidney Herbert Sound. 



These pieces of evidence prove an emergence of the 

 land, since the maximum glaciation, to the extent at all 

 events of a few metres, possibly as much as forty metres. 



In the portion of the Antarctic visited by the German 

 expedition, 1902, under the leadership of Professor E. 

 von Drygalski, the following information has been 

 obtained : 



In latitude 66° 48' South, longitude 89° 30' East, 

 there rises at the edge of the inland ice a ridge-shaped 

 remnant of a volcanic cone, the Gaussberg. This attains 

 a height of 366 metres above the sea, and is formed of 

 leucite-basalt tuff and leucite-basalt rich in olivine, lumps 

 up to the size of one's fist being found in the lava. The top 

 and slopes of the Gaussberg, as recorded by Dr. Philippi, 



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