GEOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 



to the volcanic series described by Dr. P. Marshall, from 

 the neighbourhood of Dunedin, New Zealand. It may 

 be noted that these volcanic rocks are developed partly 

 along the coast-line of Victoria Land, partly in islands 

 arranged in lines subparellel to this coast-line. 



It is worthy of comment that the volcanic zones of 

 Victoria Land were not definitely traced by Mr. Shackle- 

 ton in the ranges reached by him in his furthest south 

 journey this year. No trace whatever of volcanic rocks 

 was noticed by him, either in situ or in the moraines of 

 the vast coast range which bounds the Great Ice Barrier 

 on its south-west side, near the latitude of 84° to 86° 

 South. 



Physical Geography 



These observations relate wholly to the region between 

 the meridians of 170° East and 150° West. The shore- 

 Hne in this region of the Antarctic continent is deeply 

 indented by the Ross Sea. This commences just south ' 

 of the parallel of 70°, and extends to the parallel of 78° 

 South. Ross Sea is bounded at its east side by dense 

 belts of pack-ice and low snowbergs, which prevent any 

 view of the coast-line being obtained excepting near the 

 extreme south-east corner of Ross Sea; there. Captain 

 Scott, in the Discovery, found a new range of mountains 

 rising from a land afterwards known as King Edward 

 VII Land. Southwards Ross Sea is bounded by the 

 cliff of the Great Ice Barrier, which has an extent of about 

 470 miles in an east and west direction. This cliff aver- 

 ages about 150 ft. in height. In places it sinks to nearly • 

 sea-level in low gullies. The surface beyond this Great 

 Barrier, except for certain broad shallow undulations and 

 small snow ridges (sastrugi). is practically level. Mr. 

 Shackleton, on his southern journey, proved that it ex- 

 tends southward for at least 350 miles. Westwards the 



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