GEOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 



the disrupted trachyte fragments subsequently became 

 embedded in the kenyte lava. In the next place we found 

 that at Cape Barne the kenyte had been very powerfully 

 intruded by the basalt. Large fragments of kenyte were 

 frequently found entangled in the basalt of the compara- 

 tively recent volcanic cone at Cape Barne, and on a line 

 trending inland in a south-easterly direction. In the case 

 also of the long spur which extends from Mount Erebus 

 to the old winter quarters of the Discovery expedition at 

 Hut Point it is clear that the latest volcanic products of 

 that locality are scoriaceous basalts. These basalts are 

 obviously newer than the trachytes of Observation Hill; 

 they are even newer than the olivine basalts of Sulphur 

 Hill in the same area. In our ascent of Erebus we found 

 that not only were there old kenyte lavas developed on its 

 flanks, but that at intervals on the way up the rock was 

 still kenyte, becoming of newer and newer age until the 

 modern active crater was reached. This crater was partly 

 filled with molten lava from June to September 1908. 

 It is evident from this that some of the kenyte is amongst 

 the newest of all the volcanic products of Ross Island. 

 The following table shows the probable chronological rela- 

 tions of these lavas in descending order: 



Kenyte of modern crater. Scoriaceous basalt. 



Olivine basalt. 

 Pre-basaltic kenyte. Trachyte. 



East Coast of Victoria Land. — The succession, 

 thereforCr on the whole has been from trachyte through 

 kenyte to olivine-basalt. There can be no doubt that the 

 whole of the trachyte eruptions, the pre-basaltic kenyte, 

 and the olivine basalts antedate the epoch of greatest 

 recent glaciation. 



The occurrence of large blocks of kenyte at Gneiss 



309 



