GEOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 



spar, or scapolite. In other places, as at Cape Bernacchi, 

 black tourmaline schists with epidote were frequently 

 interspersed through the gneiss, and the gneiss was also 

 traversed by veins of white aplite, with small crystals of 

 garnet. The coarsely crystalline belt of marble in the 

 gneiss at Cape Bernacchi contained abundant graphite in 

 the form of small flakes. It appears to us that the marble 

 and the quartzite represent an old sedimentary formation, 

 and the large enclosures of hornblende-and-sphene rock 

 an old amphibolite or gabbro, both the former and the 

 latter types of rock disrupted by the intrusive gneissic 

 granites. 



Ferrar was of opinion that in the neighbourhood of the 

 hill marked (d) on his map showing the valley of the 

 Ferrar Glacier, the grey granite of these hills is older than 

 the dolerite which rests upon its even upper surface, but 

 that the pink granite of {d) is intrusive and later than 

 the dolerite.* This is an important observation. We did 

 not see this spot, but in other areas, as near Granite 

 Harbour, the dolerite appeared to be newer than the 

 granites. 



Older (?) Paleozoic Sedimentary Hocks 



Apart from the large enclosures of quartzites, &c., in 

 gneissic granite, already referred to, the next oldest 

 sedimentary rocks appear to be greenish grey slates 

 brought back by the Southern Party from the surface of 

 the great glacier up which they were travelling between 

 Mount Hope and " The Cloudmaker," in approximately 

 latitude 84° South. These fragments, as Lieutenant 

 Shackleton informs us, were blown on to the surface of the 

 ice from what appeared to be mountains of slate further 

 west. The approximate relative position of these slate 



*Nat. Ant. Exped. Nat. Hist., Vol. i.. Geology, p. 38. Brit. Museum. 



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