THE HEART OF THE ANTARCTIC 



our return from the glacier, and was able to secure numer- 

 ous specimens which rendered it certain that they are 

 exactly comparable with the stranded moraines and also 

 with those afterwards examined in the Dry Valley. Con- 

 cerning these deposits I have down in my diary the follow- 

 ing notes: " Large quantities of the debris are composed 

 of the local granites and schists, but in the space of half 

 an hour I have picked up specimens of two or three 

 varieties of tuff (consolidated volcanic ash), basalt, 

 kenyte and an olivine and augite kenyte which occurs 

 sparsely at Cape Royds, and which I have so named be- 

 cause it contains large porphyritic crystals of augite and 

 olivine besides the more common anorthoclase felspar, and 

 also various porphyries which I have not seen or heard 

 of in the valley itself." 



Thus in the case of all three of these moraines, the 

 stranded moraines, those of the Dry Valley, and those of 

 the East Fork of the Ferrar Glacier, the conclusion is 

 irresistible that a considerable portion of the material com- 

 posing them has either been brought many miles up the 

 coast of the Sound, or has been carried right across the 

 Sound. The three agencies which alone could be respon- 

 sible for this transport to any large extent are : ( 1 ) Shore- 

 drift. (2) A considerably greater extent of the ice-sheet 

 and all its affluents, such as glaciers, barriers, &c. Of such 

 an extension there are abundant evidences, of which I may 

 here mention the finding of granite and schistose erratics at 

 a height of 1100 ft. on the slopes of Erebus by Professor 

 David, Armytage and myself in the autumn of last year. 

 (3) The third agencj^ and one which I have myself ob- 

 served in operation, is the transporting power of icebergs 

 and pieces broken off the ice- foot. At Cape Royds I have 

 frequently seen, especially around Flagstaff Point, large 

 boulders of kenyte being carried out on pieces of the ice- 

 foot, and I have seen several icebergs which were full of 



350 



