Hardy Roses '"^^QoQfZi^ o// ^Qgrc/ons^ 



budded stock, prepared far in advance by being potted up the previous fall in roomy pots and carried 

 through the winter in coldframes, will be equipped with a fibrous, active root-system in early spring, 

 and may be planted any time during the season. The ideal planting time, howiM T, is during the month 

 of May, when the plants will be rcccix <. d lull n( buds and ready to auiinuiuc .ininii. Any risi<s 

 usually attending the planting operatic .11-. iia\ c hvcn eliminated in the earlier pre paraticm of the plants. 

 Whtii' ])Iaiitin-, tlie liall of earth surniUiuiin- thr r.uits should he placrti ah.nit 2', inches below the 

 surla.r k\rl o| ;lu- miiI, the soil fillt'd 11' K\ \\ith xhc hall aiul cardullx llrnied. Water can now be 

 aj^jjlied, when thoK.uuiily saturated, tin reinainiim soil lilkti in, tunicd, and K \\ ltd. 



Some planters nia\ prefei' Iv -ses i\' n . m t lu ir ■ n i< h its {< . plants inidded ■ >i -ralud on the hardy 

 Manetti or Brier roots. Witli ;lu e\.i:.tion .it the climbing Roses— and the^e are seldom budded— 

 the budded or grafted |)lants are in e\u\ \\a\ superior. A lew of the stron-er-gi ow m- I h brid Re- 

 montants d.. fairlv wcW i<n tluir o\mi loi.is, l,ut tliese are rare exceptions. Manx of t lie most desirable 

 sorts are positi\eiy worthless on lluir own roots, and tlu-re are none of the bedding Roses that will 

 not do equally well, if nut bettei', whcw budded. The acUantages of budded ])lants man\ : They 

 produce more and better flowers the lust >ear, as wfll as succeeding years; are more hard\, longer 

 lived, and less susceptible to disease. If i^Ianted as directed, wild suckers will rarel\ appear from the 

 roots, but these will be readily detected by the many reddish spines, or seven lea\ es, and should at 

 once be remo\ ed. 



Summer Culture. The Rose-bed should be cultivated often, every week or ten days until mid- 

 summer, and occasionally from then until frost. A light syringing during the latter part of tiie day is 

 benehcial, and water should be ai)|died during diy periods. This is liest aeeomplislu d l)\ tlraw ing the 

 loose surface soil away from the jjlant, suflicient to form a saucer that will contain a gallon ot water. 

 This should l)e filk-d two or three times, or until the water w ill not be immediately absorbed. Liquid 

 manure can he applied on these occasions until the llowers (.nmmence to open. The bed should be 

 culti\atixl altir watering, just as soon as the soil can be worked freely. 



Insects. The most persistent insect pest is the green fly, or aphis. The\ a])pear carlx in the sea- 

 son on the >dung growth, and as they draw their food from beiuath the leiulii hark, a |joisonous 

 Siira\ would be inefl'ectl\e, and a "contact" spray is nectssarw One iuapm- tablespoonful of soft 

 soap diss, bed in three -allons of water, to which is addid a ta!J. spoonlul .1 \K<i-Fume, will prove 

 an inlalllhle renu.lv. W hak-oil soap is als.i eflecliNc, hut it is d isa- reea hlc lo use. 



( ah I (iillais. Worms, or slugs are iss(_nt iall\ lating insects and nquiii a |ioisi,nous spraw llelle- 

 b()r(. a heaping tablespoonful to two gallons of w ater, will be found lairl\ efleet i\ e w hen applied with 

 the s\ringe or spia\ pump. Arsenate of kail solutions are also eHieti\i', liut ari' uiKlesirable, as they 

 discolor the fulia-e. I he simple nuthod of picking oil' the caterpillars in the early morning and drop- 

 ping them in a msscI KKitaining a little kerosene is the most expeditious. 



Mildew. This fun^ious diseasi' affects some \ arieties more than others. It will be recognized by 

 a powdery coat appi arini: on the ka\es, generally after the liist crop of llowers has been remo\ed and 

 during unfavorahk' weather. If |iermitted to establish, it is rather dillicult to oMicome. A solution 

 of one ounce of li \ c r of sulphui', two heajjing tablespoonfuls of s< ilt soap, dissoK eil in three gallons of 

 water. Is the most eflecti\e remedy. It should flrst be applied w lu n tln' llower-butis art.' ready to open 

 and from then on through the season as the mildew appears. Applying sulphur in powdered form is 

 altogether inefVeitixe. 



Winter Protection. All bedding Roses are greatly benefited b\ a w inter i o\ erin-; e\ en the hard- 

 iest will, if slighll\ Ki\i red, have greater \ itality and respond with a nioie \ i-orous ^rowth and free- 

 dom of bloom. I he Ih st protecting mati rial is soil. It should be drawn u|)arountl the plant to a height 

 of I) to 1.'. inches. Alter this is thoroughl\ fro/en a generous co\erlng of lea\es or litter should be 

 applied, til. puip..se of which is to keep the frost In the ground, not out. It is tlu' allernate freezing 

 and lliaw iim I hat w mtei-kills. I f the wood is fro/en back to the point of protection, no harm will be 

 done, as ine plant should be cut back at least t<. this extent when pruned. Climbin- Roses will stand 

 the usual wintei, but when planted In ex|)osed knatioiis it is safer to IkikI plant tfjwn to ground and 

 COM r w ith soil and litter. 



Pruning. l o<i nuu h stress cannot be laid on the necessity of se\ere pruning. This is the first 

 essential 10 success in Rose-culture, and results not only in betti'r llowi-rs, but in |)rolonging life. 



1 b brid Rnuontanls should be pruned as ,arl\ in'sprln- as tlu' weather permits not in fall. 



Thin out all weak s| ts an. I sid.. ^.owtli, cut I a.k tlu- reirainii- w.m>.I 1,, Inmi Iw.. to ei^ht e\.'s; 



in ..tli.r w,,rds, about 1 hi . . -I. mrt lis. A I. w .x.., ti.uis; Maiuar.l Pi.ks,,,! and liau Karl Druschkl 

 will re.|ulre liulit.r pruning, ieaxing at Last ,m.-thn<l of tli.' pr.N ions x.ar's ;:i.,wth. 



Il\l)ri(l 'lea and Tea: St rong-giow in- xaii.ti.s i,(inii. about tlu sa m. t r.at nunt as the 1 1> brid 

 Per|X'tuals. Weak \arieties can be cut neail\ to tlu' -rouiul and pr.idun' c xcelk nt llowers in .bine. 



Dwarf or Bedding Polyanthas merely require thinning out the weakir center growths and prun- 

 ing the tips back lightly. 



Climbing Roses should not be pruned back hard. Cait luit entliel> ,iny wd.kI that is o\ er two 

 years old. The remaining wood will be all good ilowcrlng material and sh.-uld n.it be pruned back until 

 after flowering, when the removal of the poorer growths will materially helj) the new growths that 

 flower the following season. 



42 



