PULSE FAMILY. 



93 



form ; wings of the calyx orbicular-obovale. concave, ratlier longer 

 than the petals. 



Seneka Snake-root. Milkwort. Mountain Flax. 



Root perennial, tliick and somewhat woodr. vc'iih. coarse branches. Stems usually several 

 from the same root, 9-15 inches high, herbaceous and rather flaccid. Leaves ! or 2-4 

 inches long — those near the root small, ovate and scale-like. Fleecers greenish-white. 

 Capsule orbicular. Seeds large, pyriform, hairy, the arillus-like caruncles nearly as long 

 as the seeds. 



Hilly woodlands : Canada to Xorth Carohca. Fl. May. Fr. July. 



Obs. The root of this species is so valuable for its medicinal proper- 

 ties — as a stimulating expectorant, in croup, <tc., — that although not 

 a plant of agricultural interest, every farmer ought to know its charac- 

 ter, and be able to recognise it when he sees it. 



Order XXY. LEGUMIXO'SJE. (Pclse Family.) 



Herbs, shrubs or trees with alternate stipulate and usually compound leaves, and papilio- 

 naceous or regular flmcers. Stamens mostly 10 (rarely' 5, sometimes many) monadel- 

 phous, diadelphous (9 and 1) , or rarely distinct. Fisiil simple, becoming a legume in fruit. 

 Seeds without albumen, attached to the upper suture of the pod. 



This vast family — comprising upwards of 400 genera — is as important as it is compre- 

 hensive. Among the remarkable plants, or products, belonging to the Order, and not 

 here described, may be mentioned — on account of their value, beauty or other character- 

 istics—the Logwood (Hsematoxylon Campechianum, L.) — the Braziletto, or Brazil Wood 

 (Caesalpinia Brasiliensis, L.) — the Rose Wood (a species of ilimosa) — ^the Sissoo Wood of 

 India (Dalbergia Sissoo Roxb.) — the Red Sandal Wood (Pterocarpus santaUnus, L.) — the 

 Liquorice plant (Glycyrrhiza glabra, L.) — the Tamarind tree (Tamarindus Indica, L.^ — 

 the Tonka Bean (Dipteris odorata, Willd.) — the Senna of the Shops (Cassia Senna, L.) — 

 the plants yielding Gum Arabic (species of Acacia), and various other gums and balsams 

 —the pretty Laburnum (Citysus Laburnum, L.) — and the wonderful Sensitive plant 

 (ilimosa pudica, L.), kc, &c. " The famous Chinese condiment called " Soy," is also ob- 

 tained froui the seeds of a plant (Dolichos Soja, L., or Soja hispida, LC.) belonging to this 

 Order ; and the bean called " Dnal," in Bengal, is, I beheve, the seed of the Cajanui 

 flavus, DC. 



The numerous genera comprised in this Order are disposed in several sub-orders, tribes 

 and sub-tribes. ITiose described in this work are arranged in the following synopsis ; 



X. TRUE PULSE FAMILY. Papilioxace^. 



ChZi/a; of 5 sepals more or less united , often unequally so. CoroTZct irregular. Papiliona- 

 ceous, consisting of 5 unequal petals inserted in the base of the calyx, the upper called the 

 standard (vexiilum) larger than the others and enclosing them in the bud. The two 

 lateral called v.-ings are exterior to the two lower, which are more or less united at their 

 edges and form the ked, which usually encloses the stamens and pistil. Stamens 10 

 (rarely 5), diadelphous, sometimes monadelphous, or distinct. Ovary 1-celled. Cctyledont 

 large and thick, radicle, mostly incurved.. Leaves simple or compound. 



* Stamens monadelphous or diadelphous. Pod contmuous and l-ceUed, 

 or sometimes 2-celled lengthwise. Cotyledons becoming green leaves 

 in germination. Xot climbing or twining (except Wistaria) , nor tendril 

 bearing. 



Stamens monadelphous ; anthers of 2 forms. Loaves simple. 1. Gemsta. 



Stamens diadelphous (9 & 1). Leaves palmately 3- (or rarely pumately 

 5-)foholate. Pods small, resembling akenes. Herbs. 

 Flowers in heads. Pods thin, enclosed in the persistent calyx, 1-6- 



seeded. 2. TRiFOLmi. 



Flowers in racemes, or spikes. 



Pods -wrinkled, 'coriaceous. 3. Meixlotts, 



Pods curved or spiraUy coiled. 4. Medicago. 



