iro 



WEEDS AND USEFUL PLAINTS. 



Pappus plumose. 



Akenes spindle-shaped. Flowers yellow. 

 Akenes long-beaked. Flowers purple. 



29. Leo>todox. 



30. Tragopogon. 



Pappus not plumose, of bright white capillary bristles. 



Akenes terete, long-beaked. Flowers solitary on scapes. 

 Akenes flat, long-beaked. Flowers in pauicled heads. 

 Akenes flattened, not beaked. Pappus very soft. 



31. Ti\R.4XACUM. 



32. Lactuca. 

 S3. SoxcHus. 



1. YEKNO'NIA, Schreh. Ieon-weed. 



[Named in honor of William Vernon, an English Botanist.] 



Heads many-flowered, in corymbose cymes. Involucre imbricate, shorter 

 than the flowers, — the inner scales longest. Receptacle naked. Akenes 

 clavate, ribbed. Pappus double, — the inner series of numerous bristles — 

 the outer mostly short, minute, often dilated and scale-like. Mostly pe- 

 rennial herbs, with alternate leaves ; flowers bright purple. 



1. v. JToveboracen'sis, Willd. Leaves lanceolate or oblong, serrulato 

 roughish ; heads numerous, in a terminal corymb ; scales of the involu- 

 cre ovate, acute or often with a long filiform flexuous point. 

 New-Yokk Yernonia. Iron-weed. 



stem 2 or 3-6 or 7 feet high, somewhat branching at summit, finally firm and subligne- 

 ous. Leaves 3 - 6 or 8 inches long, subsessile, thickish or subcoriacoous. Akenes scabrous 

 with short hairs • pappzis a dirty white, or often purpUsh, scabrous — the outer series con- 

 sisting of short chaffy or scale-like bristles. 



Moist meadows and low grounds : throughout the United States. Ft August. Fr. 

 September. 



Obs. This plant is quite common in moist low grounds, and along 

 fence-rows. Its worthless character and coarse hard stem cause it to be 

 regarded as a rather obnoxious weed, in our meadows ; and of course it 

 is carefully eradicated by all neat farmers. 



[Named from Eupatoi' Milhridates ; who, it is said, first used the plant.] 



Heads 3 - many-flowered. Involucre oblong, cylindric or campanu- 

 late, — the scales imbricated in 2, 3, or more series — or sometimes nearly 

 equal in a single series. i?eceptoc/c flat, naked. ylZ:c/7e5 5-augled. Pap- 

 pus a single series of very slender bristles, rough or minutely serrulate. 

 Perennial herbs, with leaves mostly opposite or verticillate, often resi- 

 nous dotted ; flowers white or purplish. 



1. E. perfolia'tum, L. Stem rigid, hirsutely villous, corymbosely 

 branched above ; leaves opposite and decussate, connate-perfoliate,„ob- 

 iong-lanceolate, crenate-serrate, reticulately veined and rugose, very pu- 

 bescent beneath ; heads about 10 or more flowered. 

 Perfoliate Eupatokium. Thorough-stem. Boneset. Indian Sage. 



stem 2-4 feet high, the branches whitish and very pubescent. Leaves 4 - 6 or 8 inches 

 long, opposite and completely united at base — or sometimes contracted at base and 

 scarcely connate (rarely verticillate in threes, and connate), tapering gradually to a 

 slender point, sprinkled with resinous particles beneath. Heads of flowers crowded, in 



2. EUPATO'RIUM, Tournef. Tiiorough-wort. 



