200 



TS'EEDS AXD USEFUL TLAXTS. 



27. LAP'PA, Tournef, Burdock. 



[Greek, labdn, to seiza ; from its adhesive iuvolucres.] 



Heads many-flowered ; florets all perfect and similar. Involucre globose; 

 scales imbricated, coriaceous, appressed at base, spreading and subulate 

 above, with the rigid apex uncinately incurved. Receptacle bristly. 

 Akenes oblong, compressed, transversely wrinkled. Pappus in several 

 series, short, filiform, scabrous, not united into a ring at base, caducous. 

 Biennial herbs, coarse and branching. Leaves alternate, subcordate, 

 petiolate, large. Heads rather small, solitary or somewhat corymbose. 



1. L. major, Gcertn. Lower leaves cordate- oblong, upper ones ovate; 

 scales of the involucre all subulate with uncinate tips, smooth or loosely 

 arachnoid. 



Greater Lappa. Bur-dock. 



Fr. Glouterou. Germ. Die Klette, Span. Bardana Lampazo. 



Root bicunial. Stem 2-4 or 6 feet high, paniculately braaching, striate-sulcate, rough- 

 ish-pubesceat. Leaves green and roughisli pubescent above, paler and arachnoid-tomen- 

 tose beneath, — the radical ones 1-2 feet long, erosely dentate and undulate on the margin, 

 (sometimes pinnatifiJ, or coarseh- and deeply dentate); petioles 9-18 inches long ; stem- 

 leaves smaller, and more or less ovato. Heads roundish-ovoid, on short peduncles, termi- 

 nal and axillary; scales of the involucre subulate-lanceolate, keeled, minutely serrulate, 

 smoothish, spreading, with the point incurved and hooked. Florets purple, with bluish 

 anthers. JL7ue?ies compressed, angular, rugose. Receptacle fimbrillate, — the bristly chaff 

 smooth, longer than the akenes. 



Fence-rows and vraste places : introduced. Native of Europe. Fl. Jul}-- September 

 Fr. Sept<}mber- October. 



Ohs. Everybody knows this coarse homely weed, "wherever it has gain- 

 ed admittance, — but everybody does not take care to keep it in due sub- 

 jection. One of the earliest and surest evidences of slovenly negligence 

 about a farm-yard, is the prevalence of huge Bur-docks. The plant is 

 considerably bitter ; and the leaves are a favorite external application in 

 fevers, head-ache, &c. 



28. CICHO'RIU]^!, Tournef. Succory. 



[Etymology obscure : perhaps from Chicouryeli, the Arabic name of the plant.] 



Head.< usually many-flowered. Involucre double, — the outer one of about 

 5 short spreading scales — the inner one of 8 - ] 0 scales. Akenes turbinate, 

 somewhat compressed and angular, striate, glabrous. Pappus of nume- 

 rous very small chaffy scales. Branching herbs; Jiowers bright blue, 

 showy. 



1. C. Intifbus, L. Radical leaves ruucinate, hispidly scabrous on the 

 midi'ib. — the cauline ones small, oblong or lanceolate, partly clasping, 

 sinuate-dentate or entire — those of the branches inconspicuous : heads 

 axillary, subsessile, mostly in pairs. 

 Wild Succory. Chiccory. 



Fr. La Chicoree sauvage. Germ. Der Wegewart. Span. Achicorla. 



