TI2 



AN ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 



cottony secretion becomes visible the female scale is less than 

 one-eighth of an inch in length, very convex, a little irregular, 

 and mahogany-brown in color. As the egg mass increases in 

 size the scale is lifted posteriorly, until finally the insect adheres 

 only by its beak and by the sticky nature of the cottony mass. 



Fig. 84. 



Cottony maple scale.— c, leaf covered with scales ; 5, male scale ; c, adult male. 



We have other species of similar character in which there is 

 no cottony mass protecting the eggs, but the life history is essen- 

 tially the same. These ' ' soft scales' ' mostly belong to the genus 

 Lecanium, and are much more common southwardly and in con- 

 servatories. Citrus fruits and olives are especially subject to 

 soft-scale attack, and the ' ' black scale, ' ' Leca7iium olecz, is in 

 California the most troublesome of all and the most injurious. 

 In the genus Ceroplastes the scale is formed of waxy layers, 

 sometimes quite pretty in pattern. These are found only in the 

 extreme South, and are not especially troublesome. 



The matter of remedies will depend entirely upon circumstances. 

 On garden plants or shrubs the scales may be mechanically 

 removed during the winter. They do not adhere closely, are 

 easily dislodged, and are of a size sufficient to be readily seen. 

 Not all, however, pass the winter in the adult condition. In some 



