THE INSECT WORLD. 139 



beyond it, and ready to break in the first high wind. On old or 

 large trees the insects are rarely dangerous, because their injury 

 results in only a little pruning, but on young trees they may 

 cause deformities ; hence, if the insects are noticed in a young 

 orchard, it will be advisable to go over it carefully during the 

 winter, to trim out all infested twigs or branches, burning the 



Fig. too. 



Buffalo tree-hopper, Ceresa bubalus.—a, adult; 5, c, d, tarsus, antenna, and wing- f,g, 

 tip of abdomen, showing ovipositor. 



cuttings to destroy the eggs. Active insecticide applications are 

 hardly indicated. 



Next come the cicadas, or "harvest-flies," often miscalled 

 locusts, and the largest of the Homoptera. They are easily known 

 by their broad, transparent wings, the large head with prominent 

 eyes set on each side, and by their intensely shrill, loud song, 

 which during midsummer forms one of the common sounds 

 of the country. The author of this concert is the ' * dog-day 

 harvest-fly," greenish in color, more or less marked with black. 

 The noise is produced by an elaborate drumming and resonating 

 structure on the under side of the thorax and abdomen of the 



