THE INSECT WORLD. 



terminal leaves soon after growth has started, and eating out the 

 heart. It would seem thus as if considerable injury might be 

 caused, but really this is not so, because in most cases they do 

 not attack the shoots until the buds have become freed, — that 

 is to say, the shoots are attacked above the flower cluster, so 

 that no injury is done to the resulting crop. When the insects 

 disappear, which they do quite early, the shoot simply sends out 

 a new spur from the last leaf, and the effect of their presence is 

 scarcely noticed. Practically, there is no method of checking 

 their increase, except by picking off the infested tips or crushing 

 the caterpillars within the webbed leaves. 



We have another series of families grouped under the Tortri- 

 cids, sometimes called "bell-moths," from their peculiar appear- 

 ance when at rest, but more commonly " leaf- rollers," from the 

 quite usual larval habit of folding or rolling up the edges of 

 leaves. We have a number of troublesome insects in this series, 

 and some of them are not easy to deal with. The moths are 

 quite easily recognized by their broad, short fore-wings, forming a 



Fig. 367. 



Teras mimita.—a, larva; b, pupa; c, Rhopobota vacciniana. 



moth ; d, case made on apple-leaf. 



more or less obvious shoulder on the front margin. These wings 

 are held roof-like, the edges overlapping only a little at the 

 middle of the back, and completely conceal the moderate or 

 small hind wings. Their colors are frequently bright and con- 

 trasting, while in other cases they are uniform and sombre, the 

 entire insect inconspicuous and unattractive. One of the com- 

 mon species is Teras minuta, whose larva attacks, among others, 



