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AJV ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 



like currants, gooseberries, blackberries, and raspberries can be 

 most satisfactorily reached by a machine of this kind, because it 

 can be easily operated wherever the operator himself can go. 



There are many good, simple pumps now on sale, some of them 

 single-acting, — little more than a syringe, in fact ; others double- 

 acting, and throwing a fairly good jet for considerable distances. 

 These are usually termed "bucket pumps," and are satisfactory 

 in some cases, but are rarely advisable where work is to be done 

 on anything like a large scale. A good bucket pump is very 

 desirable, however, where kerosene emulsion is to be made, and 

 it will easily pay for itself, by facilitating the preparation of this 

 material, if it is to be used in quantity. With a good bucket 

 pump three gallons of emulsion may be made in five minutes 

 after the soapsuds have been heated to the boihng-point. 



This is hardly the place to recommend makers of insecticide 

 machinery or machines of special types. The farmer, before 

 purchasing, should look through the advertisements in his farm 

 papers, and write for catalogues to those advertising spraying 

 machines. From these catalogues he should be able to select 

 a proper outfit for his special purpose, keeping in mind the 

 recommendations that have been made in this chapter. There 

 is, however, one warning that must be given : the cheapest outfit 

 is not always the one that costs the least money ! Durability 

 should be looked to as well as effectiveness and simplicity of 

 structure, so that if there is anything out of order it can be 

 readily repaired by the farmer himself Strength is desirable in 

 all the parts, and the structure of the valves and the character of 

 the packing should be looked to. Cheap pumps, as a rule, have 

 unreliable valves and ordinary cotton packing. The best pumps 

 have brass valves and metal packing, so that, except in cases of 

 accident or extreme carelessness, repacking is not required for 

 years, if at all. In fact, a pump should be selected just as care- 

 fully as any other piece of machinery, and when a proper outfit 

 is purchased, it should be studied until it is thoroughly under- 

 stood. It will then be possible to use it with satisfaction, and the 

 results are apt to be good. 



There is now upon the market a machine to avoid making 

 an emulsion where kerosene is to be used, by providing for a 

 mechanical mixture of kerosene and water in the proper propor- 



