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foliage by these larva", and the fruit are not exempt from 

 attack. About the begmnmg of June, they enter the soil 

 beneath or near the bushes ui order to spin their brown 

 papery cocoons ^vithin which the pupal stage is passed. 

 Fromi ten to twenty-one days, according to the tempera- 

 'ture, are passed beneath the ground until the flies emerge, 

 and there are three broods during the year. The autumn 

 larvc^ pass the winter in their cocoons, turning to pupae 

 early the following spring. Leaves bearing the eggs of 

 this Insect should be destroyed whenever m.et with, while 

 hand picking is an effective micans of getting rid of the 

 larvae if done thoroughly. In the autumn wholesale 

 removal of the surface soil beneath and around the bushes 

 to a depth of hve inches is valuable. It needs to be buried 

 in a deep hole dug for the purpose. By this means the 

 winged Insects are buried beneath the earth and perish on 

 emergence from the pupae. Fresh soil and m.anure should 

 be placed round the bushes. Spraying with arsenate of 

 lead is an effective poison for the larvae, and can be applied 

 any time they are abundant after the fruit has been 

 gathered. 



The Thysancptera form a very small order of Insects, 

 comprising only those minute forms which are known as 

 " Thrips." They are provided with four strap-like wmgs 

 with long fringes" all round, and are entirely suctorial 

 in their feeding habits. The Fea Thrips [Kakothrifs 

 rob?istus) (ii) IS a dark brown Insect, about -xVi^^- long, 

 attacking edible peas and broad beans., often causing much 

 dam.age. The adults occur from ^Jay until August, and 

 the eggs are laid within the flowers on the stamen sheath 

 or on the ;.'Oung developing pods. The larv^ resemble 

 the adults with the exception of having no wings ; when 

 fully fed the\- descend to the ground, penetrating to a 

 depth of 3-1 2in. They remain in the soil until spring, 

 vrhen the adults emer^;e from the pupae, there being thus 

 only one brood in the \-ear. Both the larvae and the adults 

 are iniurious, and ni bad attacks no pods are formed. or 

 are curled and undersized. The terminal buds and shoots 

 may also be infested, and damage is stated to be most 

 severe m light soil. This Insect sometimes spoils a whole 

 crop, amd no varieties appear to be immune, but it has not 

 so far been found on sweet peas or scarlet runner beans, 

 though they are mentioned as host plants m France. Con- 

 trol IS difficult to achieve, but early sown plants are less 



