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solved. V\ ashes containing paraiiin are liable to injure 

 the delicate spring foliage, and if adopted should be 

 used _ m weak strength. When the leaves commence to 

 curl it is waste of most insecticides to use them; nicotine 

 and soft soap compounds are the only ones which offer 

 any prospect of partial success. Summer spraying is not 

 to be recommended except m the case of the Woolv Aphis. 

 ^ Another family of flemiptera, viz., the Psyllidae, or 

 J umpers," includes the well-known Apple Sucker 

 [Fsylid jjialt] '4 , which is a not distaait relation of the 

 Froghoppers, or ''Cuckoo Spir" Insects. The adult Apple 

 Suckers are small, greenish- }-ellow, four-wmged Insects 

 about -in. long. They are to be found flying and leaping 

 about apple leaves from jlay until the autunm. They lay 

 their eggs from late September until early 111 November, 

 usually on the bark of one-year shoots below buds or 

 around leaf scars. The eggs are orange, darkening to 

 orange-red, and hatch m April. The young larv^ are 

 very minute, flattened, dirty-}'ellow Insects with red 

 eyes, and they secrete a waxy substance from the hind end 

 of the body. As soon as the buds open they congregate 

 withm, while the older larvae and n}'mphs are to be found 

 on lire undersides of the leaves. Damage is caused by 

 the larv^ and nymphs piercing the young leaves, which 

 become brown as if frost-bitten, and wither. In this way 

 floral and leaf buds are destro}'ecl wholesale. The 

 adults cause a relatively small amount of injury. Un- 

 doubtedly the most vulnerable period m the life-history 

 of the Insect is when the young larvae emerge from the 

 egg ; for various reasons, however, spraying at this time 

 presents difficulties. Owing to the waxy substance which 

 the larvee exude, sprays should contain a wax solvent 

 which, however, is liable to damage the developing 

 leaves. Furthermore, the larvae- very soon enter the buds, 

 and then spraying is of little value. The larvse emerge 

 from the eggs during several weeks, and the time appears 

 to vary in different kinds of apple; for this reason 

 several sprayings are necessary. The best period for 

 dealing with this species is apparently February and 

 IMarch, 2-3 weeks before the huds open. A wash of 

 lime and salt recommended by Theobald appears to be 

 an eft^ective measure. It should be used on dr}^ days, and 

 is made by taking i-i^ cwts. of best quality lime, slaking 

 it gradually, and mixing it with icq galls, of water in 



