INSECT ENEMIES OK THE REDWOOD. 



33 



larv.ie begin to form their l'ocooiis in December and January, Ijeing an evidence that 

 the insect is double brooded. The larvte when fully grown line the channel in the 

 resinous nodules with silk, forming a sort of cocoon, in which they transform to 

 pupte. 



This insect was observed by the writer in September, 19(t2, in the 

 vicinity of Del Monte, Cal., where it occurred in the matured larval 

 stage in large masses of pitch on the trunks of living Monterey Pine. 

 According to information from Mr. Lee, the gardener in charge of 

 the Del Monte grounds, it does considerable damage to the tree. 



The work of probably the same insect was also observed in the same 

 grounds on Lawson's Cypress, causing deformities on the main trunk 

 and branches. 



REMEDY. 



In comparativelj^ small areas it would not be difficult to dig the 

 worms out of the pitch with a knife during the fall and winter months. 

 This would serve to greatly reduce their numbers and to prevent seri- 

 ous depredations in future. In the case of larger areas of forest trees 

 there is, so far as known, no practical remedy. 



CEDAR BARK-BEETLES. 



There is a certain class or genus of bark-boring beetles which, so 

 far as has been determined in difierent countries, inhabits only the 

 cedar and cedar-like trees. Owing to this habit they may properly be 

 termed cedar bark beetles. They belong to the order Coleoptera, 

 family Scol3^tidai, and genus Phlojosinus. Two species of this genus 

 were found b}' the writer in living and partly living bark of recently 

 felled Kedwoods near Guerneville, Cal., in April, 1899. 



The Redwood Bark-Beetle. 



{Phla'oshiiAs .■<equohv Hopk. MSS. ) 



This is a common species, which heretofore has been confused with 

 a much less common one described by Dr. Le Conte under the name 

 cristatus. It is a medium-sized, stout, Ijlack beetle (tig. 1), the male 

 and female of which bore through the outer bark and exca-\-ate long, 

 nearlv straight burrows or galleries through the inner living or dying 

 bark and surface of the wood, as sliown in the illustration, Plate 

 XII. The eggs are closely placed along each side of the gallerv in 

 little notches excavated for the purpose. These soon hatch into minute 

 white grubs, which immediately commence to feed upon the inner 

 layers of bark and outer layers of wood. They continue to feed thus, 

 extending meanwhile their food burrows, and increase in size until 

 they attain their full growth as grul^s (larvae). Then they enter the 

 wood for a short distance and excavate a cavity or kind of cell, in 

 which they change to the inactive or pupal stage. Here the}' remain 

 12i78— No. 3S— 03 3 



