MONOPOLIES. 



Tepic of a measure precisely similar having been 

 a few years before actually carried into effect in 

 New Galicia, in the case of some extensive and 

 flourishing tobacco-plantations. The Americans 

 were prevented, under severe penalties, from 

 raising flax, hemp, or saffron. The culture of 

 the grape and olive were forbidden, as Spain was 

 understood to supply the colonies with wine and 

 oil. At Buenos Ayres, indeed, they were al- 

 lowed to cultivate grapes and olives, but by spe- 

 cial permission, and only in sufficient quantity for 

 the table. 



Precisely in the same spirit, colleges were not 

 allowed to be founded, though permission was 

 earnestly applied for by the inhabitants, and, in 

 many instances, even schools were prohibited. A 

 well-known Spanish minister observed, that a 

 knowledge of reading and writing was quite enough 

 for an American ; and King Charles the Fourth 

 said, he did not think it proper that information 

 should become general in America. 



In the manifesto published by the Constitu- 

 tional Congress of Buenos Ayres, in October 

 1816, these grievances are forcibly drawn. It 



